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팀의 다양성 및 교환관계가 팀 창의성과 팀 성과에 미치는 영향

Impact of Team Diversity and Team Member Exchange on the Team Creativity and Team Performance

정동섭|이희옥
한국인적자원관리학회 (Korean Academy Of Human Resource Management)|2017.09|인적자원관리연구 (Journal of Human Resource Management Research)|제24권 제3호|pp. 127-151

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참고문헌

키워드

팀 성과team performanceteam diversity팀 창의성팀 교환관계팀의 인지적 다양성team member exchange team creativity
주제분류경영학

초록

오늘날 급변하는 경영환경에서 기업들은 경영성과 향상을 위해 팀의 창의성(team creativity)에 대한 관심을 강조하고 있다. 기업들은 치열하게 경쟁하는 비즈니스의 생태계에서 경쟁기업과의 역동적 관계를 자신들에게 유리하게 이끌 수 있는 경쟁우위의 확보에 최선을 다하고 있다. 이처럼 기업들은 경쟁우위의 확보와 유지를 위해서는 외부환경의 변화에 적극적으로 대응을 해야 하며 이를 달성하기 위해서는 조직단위나 팀 단위에서 창의성과 혁신은 필수적인 요인이다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 변화의 동인(driving forces)을 인지하고 조직의 혁신과 성장을 위한 방안으로 팀 단위의 다양성 및 교환관계 및 창의성을 연구하며, 이것이 팀의 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보고자 한다. 기존연구에서는 팀 창의성연구를 주로 팀의 다양성 관점(diversity perspective)에서 연구되었는데, 본 연구는 팀의 교환 관계적(exchange perspective)관점으로 확장하여 팀 창의성의 선행요인들을 규명해보고자 한다. 그리하여 조직 내 팀의 과업상황에서 팀의 인지적 다양성변수와 교환 관계적 변수가 팀 창의성에 어떠한 영향을 주며, 또한 팀 창의성의 매개효과가 어떻게 팀 성과에 미치는지에 대한 인과관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 구체적인 가설검증을 위한 실증적 연구를 위해 조직 내 팀원이 5-7명 구성된 실제 78개 팀으로부터 438부의 설문지를 수거하여 이를 통계적 분석을 위한 표본으로 사용하였다. 실증적 분석결과에 의하면, 첫째, 팀의 인지적 다양성과 팀 교환관계적 관점인 과업지식공유, 팀 교환관계는 팀 창의성에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다 . 둘째, 팀의 다양성과 팀 성과의 관계에서 팀 창의성의 매개효과가 존재하는지를 살펴본 결과, 팀의 인지적 다양성은 팀 성과 간에 완전매개효과를 보였다. 이는 팀의 다양성과 팀 성과의 관계에서 팀 창의성이 중요한 매개역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 팀의 교환관계적 특성과 팀 성과의 관계에서 팀 창의성의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 교환관계의 특성인 과업지식공유와 팀 교환관계는 팀의 성과에 부분매개효과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 팀의 인지적 다양성과 팀의 교환관계변수들이 팀 성과에 미치는 인과관계에서 팀 창의성이 직․간접으로 중요한 매개수단임을 확인하였기 때문에 팀 단위에서 팀 성과 향상을 위해 다양한 팀 창의성의 위한 다양한 노력과 이에 따른 프로그램이 필요하다는 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다.

Abstract

Creativity and innovation in modern organizations are critical for organization performance and survival in rapidly changing and highly competitive environments. One important area of diversity and creativity research concerns the conditions that can enhance or mitigate the effects of team diversity and team member exchange(TMX) on team creativity and team performance. The interactional approach of creativity research suggests that scholars need to look at followers’ characteristics to fully understand the relationship between contexts(ex: diversity and team member exchange) and team creativity. In the management literature, it has been widely accepted among both researchers and practitioners that the level of team creativity is significantly related to the team performance. Besides, researchers posited with confidence that team diversity and team member exchange would affect team creativity and team performance. Data were collected from subordinates and their supervisors from 85 teams in eight large organizations located in the Korea. A total of 545 matched employee-supervisor questionnaires were used in analysis. This study makes several theoretical contributions to the creativity and diversity and TMX literatures. First, it provides insights into whether and when team diversity, TMX and interrelatedness of task positively relates to team creativity. Although individual team members are the ones who significantly influence team creativity processes actually determine team creativity and performance. This study also provides practical implications. As more organizations increase their diversity in an attempt to boost creativity, it would be important to inform managers that diversity alone does not guarantee creativity. Our findings suggest that for teams with a high level of cognitive team diversity and team member exchange, managers should ensure that team members have high levels of team creativity.

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