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팀 다양성이 혁신지향 팀 분위기에 미치는 영향

On Prerequisites for Innovative Teams: The Effect of Demographic Diversity on Team Climate for Innovation

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 혁신적인 팀이 될 수 있는 요건으로 팀의 인구통계적 구성이 중요한 역할을 함을 주지한다. 특히, 전공, 성별, 학력에 대해서 팀원이 서로 이질적인 구성을 보일 경우, 다양한 의견 수렴이 가능하고, 새로운 것에 대한 의사소통이 자유로운 팀 분위기에 좋지 않은 영향을 미칠 수도 있음을 주장한다. 팀 다양성은 새로운 의견이 유입될 가능성이 크기 때문에 팀 혁신에 도움을 줄 것이라는 주장이 성립된다. 하지만 팀구성원이 이질적이게 되면 다양한 의견이 대립될 가능성이 커져, 팀내 갈등을 유발할 수 있다. 이러한 내부 갈등은 혁신을 위한 공감대 형성이나 새로운 지식에 대한 도입 및 구현을 더디게 만드는 역할도 할 수 있다. 팀 다양성이 가지고 있는 이러한 이중성은 결국 혁신적인 팀을 만드는 데 있어서 중요한 요소로 자리매김할 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식에서 출발한다. 국내 단일 기업 내, 596명, 90개 팀을 대상으로 각 개인의 인구통계적 특성, 특히 전공, 성별, 학력을 중심으로 팀 다양성을 측정하였고, 이를 각 팀의 혁신지향 팀 분위기에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 성별과 학력의 경우 팀 내 이질적인 속성이 강할 경우, 다시 말해서 성별과 학력 차원에서의 팀 다양성이 큰 경우 오히려 내부 갈등으로 인한 혁신지향 팀 분위기가 저해된다고 나타났고, 팀내 전공 다양성의 경우에는 적정 수준까지는 다양성이 혁신적인 팀 분위기를 창출하는데 중요한 역할을 하나, 그 정도가 더욱 커지게 되면 오히려 혁신지향 팀 분위기에 악영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study contends that demographic diversity in a team plays a critical role in creating the team’s climate for innovation. In particular, when a team is characterized with diversity in terms of gender, education level, and educational background, the team may barely facilitate team interactions in exchanging ideas and opinions and in adopting new ideas. In general, scholars have posited that team diversity enables the team to expand the boundaries of knowledge and thus it will make the team more innovative. Meanwhile, since diverse team composition can elicit internal conflict among different groups identified with particular social identities, it will engender team climate for innovation. This bifurcated consequences of the team diversity, accordingly, will be prerequisites for innovative teams. In particular, we pay attention to the diversity of educational background (i.e. major). Diverse educational backgrounds in a team can have an opportunity to develop a creative idea by integrating the diverse knowledge. Meanwhile, the discrepancy in knowledge base (derived from educational background) can entail internal conflict. We posit that comparing gender diversity or educational-level diversity, educational-background diversity has the non-monotonic relationship with team climate for innovation, especially an inverted U-shaped relationship. This study investigates the relationship between demographic diversity and team climate for innovation with the sample of 90 teams in a large state-owned company. We measure gender diversity, education level disparity, and heterogeneity of educational background in a team by using the secondary data obtained from the focal organization. These measures are used to predict the degree of team climate for innovation. The degree of team climate for innovation is measured by aggregating the scores of its subcomponents: support for innovation, vision, participation safety, task orientation, and interaction frequency. The subcomponents of team climate for innovation are collected by surveying the questionnaire developed by Anderson & West (1998). As a result, we find that gender diversity and education level disparity has negative impacts on team climate for innovation. And the heterogeneity of educational background has an inverted U-shared relationship with team climate for innovation. With the findings, we warn that in an organization in which a certain attribute dominates the other attributes, the attempts for diversity may not function as a facilitator for boundary spanning (i.e. innovation), but amplify internal conflict.

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