테크놀로지와 미메시스: 중국의 산자이 관행과 미중 기술전쟁을 중심으로
Technology and Mimesis: A Study on China’s Shanzhai Practice and the US-China Technology War
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article attempts to illuminate, in terms of technology and mimesis theories, China’s copycat practices generally called shanzhai and the recent US-China tech war in which the USA and China fight against each other over the global techno-hegemony. Positioning a step outside the global regime of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR) and the hegemonic discourse of the USA, this study tries to approach China’s shanzhai practice and the US-China tech war as a fundamental process of mimesis and the politics of mimesis channeling the general trajectory of technological evolution. The research findings of this study are as follow. Firstly, China’s shanzhai practice is not a villain of the global IPR regime but a part of the universal process of technological evolution and a historically and culturally specific effect of technological mimesis. Secondly, the incessant drama of technological imitation and emulation unfolding through shanzhai practices and the US-China tech war is the field of mimetic politics as what Gilles Deleuze calls “simulacra” involving the positive potential that negates at once the original and the replica, the model and the reproduction, which ultimately deconstructs the IPR regime. Thirdly, the technological mimesis and the politics of mimesis shaping the process of China’s shanzhai practice and the US-China tech war allow us a new perspective in which one may examine the unruly technical renovation and competition under the current global capitalism beyond the absolute authority of the IPR regime and the hegemonic discourse of the USA. Based on these research findings, it suggests an epistemological transition through which one comes to be capable of imagining modern technology in general as “technology commons” in order to overcome the global climate crisis and catastrophic environmental problems.
Abstract
This article attempts to illuminate, in terms of technology and mimesis theories, China’s copycat practices generally called shanzhai and the recent US-China tech war in which the USA and China fight against each other over the global techno-hegemony. Positioning a step outside the global regime of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR) and the hegemonic discourse of the USA, this study tries to approach China’s shanzhai practice and the US-China tech war as a fundamental process of mimesis and the politics of mimesis channeling the general trajectory of technological evolution. The research findings of this study are as follow. Firstly, China’s shanzhai practice is not a villain of the global IPR regime but a part of the universal process of technological evolution and a historically and culturally specific effect of technological mimesis. Secondly, the incessant drama of technological imitation and emulation unfolding through shanzhai practices and the US-China tech war is the field of mimetic politics as what Gilles Deleuze calls “simulacra” involving the positive potential that negates at once the original and the replica, the model and the reproduction, which ultimately deconstructs the IPR regime. Thirdly, the technological mimesis and the politics of mimesis shaping the process of China’s shanzhai practice and the US-China tech war allow us a new perspective in which one may examine the unruly technical renovation and competition under the current global capitalism beyond the absolute authority of the IPR regime and the hegemonic discourse of the USA. Based on these research findings, it suggests an epistemological transition through which one comes to be capable of imagining modern technology in general as “technology commons” in order to overcome the global climate crisis and catastrophic environmental problems.
참고문헌 (72)
- 강려화, "중국 산자이 현상의 사회, 문화적 의미에 관한 연구", 디지털디자인학연구, 10(4), pp.209~218 (2010), 한국디지털디자인학회
- 고점복, "소비사회의 서사전략: ‘신체사작(身體寫作)’과 ‘산자이(山寨)’의 경우", 중국학 논총, 28, pp.205~226 (2010), 고려대학교 중국학연구소
- 군터 게바우어, "미메시스" (2015), 글항아리
- 김도경, "중국 시민사회 담론 속의 ‘혁명 서사’-2000년대 말 ‘산자이 토론’을 중심으로", 중국현대문학, 83, pp.325~347 (2017), 한국중국현대문학학회
- 김성국, "주류에 도전하는 풀뿌리 문화", 중국학연구, 57, pp.467~498 (2011), 중국학연구회
- 김예원, "중국 산자이 문화의 변천 과정과 사회적 인식에 대한 고찰", 경영사연구, 33(4), pp.25~54 (2018), 한국경영사학회
- 김재희, "발명 개념에 대한 철학적 탐구: 베르그손과 시몽동의 기술철학을 중심으로", 철학연구, 112, pp.163~191 (2016), 철학연구회
- "반도체 이어 로봇․AI도 굴기하나...약진하는 중국 첨단산업" (2024)[URL]
- 김희교, "짱깨주의의 탄생-누구나 함부로 말하는 중국, 아무도 말하지 않는 중국" (2022), 보리
- 리차드 리키, "오리진" (1985), 학원사
- 미․중 무역전쟁의 배경과 시사점, "박병관", 국가안보전략연구원, ~, pp.ISSUE BRIEF 2018 (2018)
- 손미령, "중국 산짜이 문화 현상의 내용 및 시사점-제품 외 영역을 중심으로", 중국연구, 49, pp.135~154 (2010), 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소
- 앙리 베르그송, "창조적 진화" (2005), 아카넷
- 오데드 센카, "카피캣: 오리진을 뛰어넘는 창조적 모방의 기술" (2011), 청림출판
- 오종혁, "미중 기술패권 경쟁의 최근 동향", 월간 SW 중심사회, pp.51~61 (2021)
- "트럼프 ‘중국에 관세 60～100%’...더 강경한 ‘2기 트럼프노믹스’ 예고" (2024)[URL]
- 4차 산업혁명시대 미중기술패권 경쟁과 시사점: 화웨이, 틱톡, 텐허 분쟁사례를 중심으로, "윤혜령", 과학기술연구원, ~ (2020)
- 이중희, "중국의 산자이 휴대폰 열풍의 실태와 그 요인", 중국학연구, 51, pp.289~311 (2010), 중국학연구회
- 이중희, "중국의 산자이 열풍과 지적재산권 문제: 국가와 이해당사자", 아시아연구, 14(2), pp.165~188 (2011), 한국아시아학회
- 이효빈, "미․중 갈등으로 본 기술패권 전쟁: 트럼프는 왜 화웨이를 공격했는가?", 정치․정보연구, 23(2), pp.349~374 (2020), 한국정치정보학회
- 이희진, "기술표준화, 기술확산과 기술국가주의: 산자이 후대폰의 성장 사례를 중심으로", PORSI 경영경제연구, 12(2), pp.260~287 (2012), 포스코경영연구소
- 장호준, "중국의 모방․복제 관행과 지적재산권의 문화정치", 담론 201, 16(1), pp.61~90 (2013)
- 전치형, "미래는 오지 않는다" (2019), 문학과 지성사
- 조지 바살라, "기술의 진화" (1996), 까치
- 질베르 시몽동, "기술적 대상들의 존재양식에 대하여" (2011), 그린비
- 2023년도 글로벌 R&D 투자동향 분석, "홍미영", 한국과학기술평가원, ~ (2023)
- 董濤, "‘山寨手機’中知識産權問題研究 : 来自深圳市手機市場的調硏", 經濟體制改革, (4), pp.47~51 (2009)
- 劉掓華, "論山寨收集模仿與倉新", 知識產權, (7), pp.44~49 (2011)
- "市民欲办山寨版春晚叫板央视将同步直播" (2008)[URL]
- 楊利華, "中國古代著作權保护及其成因探析", 金陵法律評論, (2), pp.38~48 (2004)
- 吴靖, "“山寨经济”与新媒体创意: 论后现代公共文化的生成", 中国传媒报告, 1 (2010)
- 王蘭萍, "中國古代著作權法律文化之源", 華東政法學院學報, (2), pp.65~71 (2005)
- 王小東, "盗版有理", 軟件工程師, (6), pp.9~12 (1999)
- 鄭成思, "版權主體論", 法制與社會發展, (1), pp.22~30 (1997)
- Alford, William. P., "To Steal a Book is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization" (1995), Stanford University Press
- Bhabha, Homi, "Of mimicry and man : The Ambivalence of colonial discourse", Discipleship : A Special Issue on Psychoanalysis, 28, pp.123~133 (1984)
- Bian, X., "New insights into unethical counterfeit consumption", Journal of Business Research, 69, pp.4249~4258 (2016)
- Bradford, Anu, "Digital Empires: The Global Battle to Regulate Technology", pp.183~220 (2023), Oxford University Press
- Coombe, R., "The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties : Authorship, Appropriation, and the Law" (1998), Duke University Press
- De Kloet, Jeroen, "Boredom, Shanzhai, and Digitisation in the Time of Creative China" (2019), Amsterdam University Press
- Deleuze, Gilles, "Plato and the Simulacrum", October, 27, pp.45~56 (1983)
- Derex, Maxime, "Causal understanding is not necessary for the improvement of culturally evolving technology", Nature Human Behavior, 3, pp.446~452 (2019)
- Egmond, Alex, V., "Away from the Shanzhai-route : Intellectual Property Rights in China", International Journal of Cultural and Creative Industries, 2(3), pp.56~63 (2015)
- Gao, Yuan, "An analysis of Chinese 'Shanzhai' economies", MA, pp.2010
- Girard, René, "Battling to the End: Conversations with Benoit Chantre" (2010), Michigan State University Press
- Han Byung-Chul, "Shanzhai: Deconstruction in Chinese" (2017), MIT Press
- Heidegger, Martin, "The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays" (1977), Garland Publishing, INC
- Hennessey, William, "Deconstructing Shanzhai – China’s Copycat Counterculture: Catch Me If You Can", Campbell Law Review, 34(3), pp.609~660 (2012)
- Jiang, Ling, "Call for Copy-The culture of counterfeit in China", Journal of Chinese Economics, 2(2), pp.73~78 (2014)
- Kirkham, Paul, "Mimesis and Power", PhD, pp.2019
- Lindtner, Silvia, "Hacking with Chinese characteristics : The promises of the maker movement against China's manufacturing culture", Science, Technology, and Human Values, 40(5), pp.854~879 (2015)
- Liu Xuefeng, "How latecomers innovate through technology modularization: Evidence from China’s Shanzhai industry", Organization and Management, 17(2), pp.266~280 (2015)
- Page, L., "Goodbye, shanzhai : intellectual property rights and the end of copycat China", University of Western Australia Law Review, 45, pp.185~195 (2019)
- Pang, Laikwan, "‘China who makes and fakes’: a semiotics of the counterfeit", Theory, Culture and Society, 25(6), pp.117~140 (2008)
- Pfaffenberger, Bryan, "Fetishised Objects and Humanised Nature : Towards an Anthropology of Technology", Man, 23(2), pp.236~252 (1988)
- Stevenson-Yang, Anne, "China destroys the IP paradigm", Far Eastern Economic Review, 168, pp.9~18 (2005)
- Sun Haiyong, "U.S.-China tech war: Impacts and prospects", China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 5(3), pp.147~287 (2019)
- Taussig, Michael, "Mimesis and Alterity: A Particular History of the Senses" (1993), Routledge
- Zhang Lin, "The myth of ‘shanzhai’ culture and the paradox of digital democracy in China", Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 14(3), pp.401~416 (2013)
- "百度百科"[URL]
- "山寨建筑博物馆"[URL]
- "Chinese counterfeit products dominate the worldwide fakes industry"[URL]
- "U.S. Department of Commerce"[URL]