중국 정보통신 혁신산업에서의 국가의 역할: 혁신 발전국가
The Role of a State in Technology Innovation: A New Authoritarian Developmental State
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초록
본 연구는 미-중 무역 전쟁에 대한 두 가지 질문에서 시작되었다. 타이밍과 핵심 분쟁 사유―기술 부문에서의 분쟁―에 대 해 주목하고, 그 원인에 대해 장기적 국가 경제 발전 차원에서의 기술 혁신의 역할에 주목한다. 중국의 기술 혁신의 선봉장 에 있는 두 기업 ― ZTE ― 의 발전 과정과 중국의 일대일로 추진 후 급속해진 중국의 혁신 기술 발전. 장기적 성장 동력으 로서 가지는 중요성이 더욱 사활을 좌우하는 상황에서, 본 연구는 이들 혁신 기업의 가장 대표적인 성공의 견인차 역할을 세계화 과정과 역학습 전략에 초점을 맞추어 기업 레벨에서의 혁신 기술의 국제 시장 진출의 성공 요인과, 국가 레벨에서 의 중국 정부의 거시 경제 정책에서의 측면을 고찰한다. 이를 통해 국가의 적극적인 역할과 개입이 기술 혁신의 발전에 더 욱 용이하게 작동할 수 있는 예를 제공하고자 한다. 이는 기술 혁신에 사적 소유 기업의 인센티브와 자유로운 연구 개발 활 동이 유리하다는 기존의 논의와 달리, 국가의 적극적인 역할이 두드러지는 권위주의 체제에서도 혁신 기술 발전과 추격이 가능함을 보여 줄 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper will consider the question, “Why do certain countries maintain continuous economic growth while others cannot?” In other words, how do certain countries like China maintain momentum in long-term growth through innovation, while simultaneously transforming itself from a manufacturing state to a state that can export high-technology, while others fall into the hands of oligarchs and fail to do so? For long-term growth in the modern era, the role of the latter is even more important. In other words, to maintain the momentum of further growth, knowledge, human capital, and now innovation are inevitably the most important sources for developing countries. This paper will consider such a point of view, focusing on the growing role of innovation for sustainable economic growth. From such a perspective, the study focuses on examining the representative firm-level strategies of China’s telecommunication giant, ZTE, and the Chinese government’s active support through its macroeconomic policies and institutionalization.
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