J. 랑시에르의 대안의 정치와 현상학적 에토스* - 민주주의의 재정립에 관한 고찰

Abstract

With the decline of the previously influential political subjects, several arguments have been put forth for a new direction of resistance to confront social deficiencies. The problem at hand is to find a method to restore the political subject that will bear the uniqueness of democracy and redefine the originality of it. J. Rancière presents an impressive way to deal with this problem through "The Politics of Aesthetics." What he focused on is "those who have no share", in other words those who were excluded from the public distribution of any power within the social order created by legislators (rulers). The reason why he discusses his political subject through "those who have no share" is because it can become the essence of politics which can break through the logic of post-politics inherent in the 'end of politics' and 'return of politics' that have been recently talked about. The political subject, who has the capacity of existence to "participate in the conflicting things" and create a "crack of the police" rather than the "passive harmony" following institutions and order, points out that the uniqueness of politics lies not in the exercising of power, but rather in a form of behavior that is realized by one's specific actions. It allows citizens to restore their politics, which have been concealed by representative logic or the reduction of class theory, while manifesting democracy as a political system itself, not merely as a single political system. After providing an overview of the political nature of citizens through the political subjectivization of J. Rancière, this article examines the matter that can be raised about it from the perspectives of Lacanians and M. Merleau-Ponty, and points out one of the issues faced by the philosophical discourses on the subjectivity that political resistance of in this age needs to heed.