유럽연합의 이민 및 망명정책: 평가 및 전망
Migration and Asylum Policies in the European Union: Evaluation and Prospect
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유럽연합은 암스테르담 조약 이래 EU차원에서 이민 및 망명정책을 수행할 수 있는 법적기반을 마련하고, 이를 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 그러나 이민문제는 각 회원국의 이해관계와 정치∙경제적 상황 및 유럽통합의 발전방향과 진전과정에서 많은 부침이 예상되는 민감한 주제영역으로, 공동의 이민 및 망명정책을 수행하는 과정에서 유럽내부의 모순구조가 더욱 분명해질 것이다. 따라서 각 회원국의 상이한 입장 차이와 이해관계를 어떻게 줄여갈 것인가 하는 문제는 공동의 이민 및 망명정책의 성공을 가늠하는 중요한 관건이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 문제의식을 중심으로 유럽연합의 이민정책을 살펴보는데 목적을 두고 있다. 우선 Ⅱ장에서는 이민정책에 대한 최근 연구동향을 통하여 유럽연합에서 진행되고 있는 이민 문제의 특징과 쟁점 등을 살펴보고자 한다. 이어 Ⅲ장에서는 이민정책 패러다임의 변화라는 키워드를 통하여 공동의 이민 및 망명정책의 등장 배경 및 새로운 이주자 사회통합정책의 필요성에 대하여 논하고자 한다. Ⅵ장에 서는 EU 이민 및 망명정책의 발전과정을 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 하여 Ⅴ장에서는 EU 이민정책에 대한 평가 및 전망을 시도하고자 한다.
Abstract
Since the Amsterdam Treaty, the European Union has established a legal basis on European migration and asylum policy and actively implemented related policies. Migration, however, is a very sensitive issue that is expected to bring up many conflicts due to different economic and political situations and interests of Member States and in the course of implementing common European migration and asylum policies, the European Union is likely to witness more problems embedded on their own systems. Therefore, how to narrow down differences among Member States will be an important key for the success of EU migration and asylum policy. Focusing on those problems, this paper deals with the following issues. Chapter II in this paper will analyze characteristics and issues of migration problems in the EU through recent studies on migration policy. Chapter III looks into progress of EU migration and asylum policies. Chapter VI, with the key word, ‘changes in paradigm on migration policy’, discusses backgrounds that has brought up common migration and asylum policies in the European Union and the needs to have new social integration policies for new immigrants. And based on this, chapter V presents evaluation and future development of those policies.
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