The European Union Migration Policy: Focusing on Continuities and Changes after the Fifth EU Enlargement
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
유럽연합 구성 이전에는 민족 국가가 일괄적으로 국가간 출입을 통제 하였다. 그러나 유럽연합이 점차 확대되면서 더 이상 국가가 통제를 전담할 수 없게 되었으며, 인구이동과 관련된 인권 문제의 중요성도 부각되기 시작하였다. 본 논문은 제5차 유럽연합 확대 이후 이주정책을 주로 분석하고자 한다. 쉥겐조약으로 유럽연합국간 이동이 자유로워졌다. 또한 유럽의회는 유럽연합 시민과 가족들이 국적에 관계없이 자유로운 이동과 다른 회원국에서의 경제활동을 가능케하는 2004/38/EC 법안을 채택하였다. 반면에 이로 인해 비유럽회원국 시민과 유럽회원국 시민간 구별이 더욱 엄격해졌다. 실제로 EU-15 회원국과 중동유럽 국가(CEEC) 사이에도 차별이 존재하였다. 또한 더 많은 의사결정권이 초국가적인 형태로 실시되어야 함에도 불구하고, 유럽연합국 사이에서는 민족과 경제능력에 따른 분류를 통한 국가 차별 또는 개별 민족국가가 이주 정책에 대하여 통제 권한을 포기하지 않으려는 문제가 발생하기도 하였다. 그리하여 유럽연합은 새로이 유럽 인권 재판소를 통하여 유럽연합 회원국에 개인을 존중하고 인권보호를 위하여 국가개입을 제한하도록 하는 방안을 마련하게 되었다. 이제 유럽연합의 이주정책으로 유럽연합은 보다 초국가적 유기체로 변하고 있으며,더 많은 다양한 문화들이 수용되게 되었다. 유럽연합 이주정책은 하나의 정체성을 가지면서 보다 자유로운 국가간의 이동과 더불어 국가간 경계통합과 개인의 인권향상에 대해 더욱 중요한 비중을 차지한다.
Abstract
With increasing interdependence and integration of European community in economic, political, and legal sector, the urgent necessities of common border control and European Union migration policy has appeared. Because, due to the enlargement of European Union membership, there has been an exodus of people of new member states trying to cross borders and seek employment. The issue was fueled by the flows of non European Union migrants into the Europe. Before the integration of the European Union, controlling entry of people and social integration of permanent residents were solely in charge of the national government. However, it has been increasingly difficult for the national governments to control the movement of people, and also the new European Union has become to face the importance of securing the human rights issues during the process of migration. Therefore, I'd like to bring the issue of the 5th enlargement which has been the largest enlargement so far and thus had the greatest impact on the EU and its migration policy. Witnessing the transformation of both internal and external borders of the EU enabled by the Schengen agreement, the European Parliament and Council adopted Directive 2004/38/EC in order for the right of the European Union and their family members irrespective of their nationality to move and reside freely within the territory of the EU on 29 April 2004. And, any EU citizen is allowed to take up an economic activity in another member states. But, behind the scene of freedom of movement, there is an intention that distinguishes others as non EU citizens from us as EU citizens. Furthermore, there had still been the distinction between the EU-15 and CEECs, despite they were all citizens of European Union. Even though there has been some progress in the common border control and immigration and asylum policies, more decision making power needs to be transferred to supranational level in order for the viability of European Union. For example, there exists the categorization of people based on the nationality and economic self-sufficiency, limiting privilege of freedom of movement to those of EU-15 countries and financially able ones. And, national governments are unwilling to give up their control over migration policy within. So, a new EU migration policy appears as a form of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) which forces states to follow the court rule of giving the individual an advantage and limiting the state sovereignty in case of human rights. And, it also paves the way for the third nationals to seek floor. As a result, the EU has become to promote human rights as part of their foreign policy. The development of EU migration policy has been like building the EU into more integrated supranational bodies in its legal and political framework, since the enlargement of the EU has brought the task of integrating heterogeneous cultures into a common identity. Therefore, internal free movement of people, integration of external border and promotion of individual human rights will be a stepping stone for a more comprehensive EU migration policy in the future.
참고문헌 (31)
- "European Union.” CIA World Factbook 2008. Last update on May 15th, 2008"[URL]
- "How Europeans see themselves ?looking through the mirror with public opinion surveys.” The European Commission" (2001), Office of Official Publication of the European Communities, 2001
- "Imagined Communities.” Wikipedia, June 2007, Online, Internet"[URL]
- "International Data Base.” U.S. Census Bureau. May 5th, 2008. Online, Internet"[URL]
- "New legislation will simplify conditions and administrative formalities for applying EU citizens' right to move and reside freely throughout the European Union.” The European Commission. Online"[URL]
- "Trade Issues.”The European Commission. Last update on Dec"[URL]
- Aleinikoff, "Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration" (2002), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Buzan, Barry, "People, states and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era" (1991), Lynne Rienner
- Carrera, Sergio, "Spain's New ‘Regularisation’ Procedure: Is this the way forward?” CEPS-Thinking Ahead for Europe. Full text available at: http:", wp.php?article_id=408 (Retrieved on June 3rd, 2008)[DOI]
- Carrera, Sergio, "What Does Free Movement Mean in Theory and Practice in an Enlarged EU", CEPS Working Document, 208 (2004)
- Chang, Hong, "New Interpretation on EU" (1998), Kowon
- Close, Paul, "Supranationalism in the New World Order: Global Processes" (1999), Palgrave Macmillan
- Geddes, Andrew, "Europe's border relationships and international migration relations", The Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(4) (2005)
- Geddes, Andrew, "The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe" (2003), SAGE Publications
- Gellner,Ernest, "Nationalism" (1998), Phoenix
- Gellner, Ernest, "Nations and nationalism" (1983), Cornell University Press
- Guild, Elspeth, "The legal elements of European identity: EU citizenship and migration law" (2004), Kluwer Law International
- Hobbing, Peter, "Integrated Border Management at the EU Level", CEPS Working Document, (227) (2005)
- Huysmans, Jef., "The politics of insecurity: Fear, migration and asylum in the EU" (2006), Taylor & Francis Routledge
- Krieken, Peter J. van., "The consolidated asylum and migration acquis: the EU directives in an expanded Europe" (2004), T. M. C. Asser Press
- Lee, Kyu-Young, "Schengen agreement and the European citizenship", The Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 17, pp.51~68 (2003)
- Lu, Chien-Yi, "Harmonization of Migration Policies in the European Union ?A State-centric of Institutionalist Explanation" (1999), ECSA Sixth Biennial International Conference. Pittsburgh
- Mattli, Walter, "The Logic of Regional Integration: Europe and Beyond" (1999), Cambridge UP
- Moravcsik, Andrew, "Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community", International Organization, 45, pp.29~56 (1991)
- Omelaniuk, Irena, "World Migration 2005: Cost and Benefits of International Migration" (2005), International Organization for Migration
- Papagianni, Georgia, "Institutional and policy dynamics of EU migration law" (2006), Martinus Nijhoff
- Rex, John, "Transnational Migrant Communities and the Modern Nation State.” Axtman, Roland. (Ed.). Empirical Investigations", pp.59~76 (1998), Cassel-Pinter
- Rosamond, Ben., "Theories of European Integration" (2000), St. Martin‘s Press
- Smith, Anthony D., "The Nation: Real or Imagined? ?he Warwick Debates on Nationalism", Nations and Nationalism, 2, pp.357~370 (1996)
- Smith, Anthony D., "The Ethnic Origins of Nations" (1986), Blackwell
- Taylor, Paul, "Intergovernmentalism in the European Communities in the 1970s: Patterns and Perspectives", International Organization, 36, pp.741~765 (1982)