유럽연합의 망명정책: 보편적 인권보호 혹은 규제강화를 위한 유럽적 문제해결
EU Asylum Policy: Policy Drivers and European Problem Solving System
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유럽연합에서 망명자 문제의 핵심은 과도한 망명신청자 유입과 이러한 망명 신청자가 특정 회원국에 집중된다는 점이다. 이에 따라 망명 유입이 집중된 회원국을 중심으로 높은 수준의 규제적 조치를 취하였다. 그러나 엄격한 망명심사 자격은 망명 기각자와 불법 난민 유입이라는 또 다른 문제를 야기하였다. 이러한 일국 수준의 문제해결 제약으로 2000년대 들어서는 유럽연합 차원에서 엄격한 망명심사 및 조건을 내건 규제적 조치를 강화하였다. 나아가 유럽연합은 2007년 리스본조약(Treaty of Lisbon) 체결을 전후하여 회원국간 최소한의 공통기준을 통한 유럽적 규제강화를 지속하면서 더불어 새롭게 회원국간 연대(solidarity)라는 이원화된 망명정책 기조를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 유럽연합의 망명정책 발전과정은 일국차원의 문제해결 제약을 유럽적 규제로 보완하며, 동시에 개별 회원국은 국내정책을 유지하면서 회원국간 수평적 연대를 강화하는 유연화된 통합방식을 보여준다.
Abstract
The core of the refugee problem in the European Union is excessive influx of asylum seekers and applying for certain countries that generously allowed the asylum. In response, the concentration of asylum countries entering the high level of regulatory action was taken in the 1990s. However, according to the high standards asylum screening caused to numerous rejected asylum-seekers and illegal refugee influx that have made another problem. Accordance with these restriction of individual member state's troubleshooting, European Union made regulatory actions containing of strict asylum screening and conditions in early in the 2000s. Furthermore, European Union maintains the dualistic policy continuing to strengthen the regulatory policy with minimum common standards among to the states and solidarity between members states since the signed the Treaty of Lisbon. The evolution of the European Union's asylum policy is another appearance a cross-section of an integrated approach that is substituted troubleshooting constraints at the national level to the European regulatory system. And this approach is also strengthened horizontal solidarity between Member States that while maintaining domestic policy.
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