일본어 소유자 수동문에 대응하는 한국어 양상

Abstract

This paper focuses on the surface structure 「XはYにZを～される」of possessive passives of the Japanese language, subclassify them into separable vs. inseparable based on the possessive relationship between the possessor x and the possession Y, and compare and analyze their Korean equivalents. In the case of “inseparable”, Korean expressions correspond quite naturally to possessive passives for in a physically inseparable environment, the possessor and the possession are directly related and there are direct passives in the Korean language. In the case of “separable”, Korean expressions correspond quite naturally to Japanese possessive passives or do not. Natural correspondence is impossible when X and Z are physically separated and the motion or action of of Y only affects the possession Z. Furthermore, in the case where the action of Y simply affects Z, the subject of the possessive X is indirectly influenced by Y and the Korean language has no possessive passives. In the case where possessive passives have the indirect property, the Korean language has no possessive passive equivalents because it does not allow indirect passives. However there are cases where the possession is separable but Korean possessive equivalents are still possible. Conditions (1)~(3) show cases where X and Y are directly affected or are at least supposed to be so: (1) clothings X has on and direct relationship occurs in terms of spatial closeness: (2) three-place verb stripped of ownership and direct passives occur resulting in direct relationship and Z is closely related to life of livelihood of X and psychological intimacy creates direct relationship: (3) Y’s action seems to affect Z, but actually the action of Y is more related to X’s competence and can be determined that X and Y are directly related. Even when each of the conditions mentioned before is sufficed, Japanese possessive passives do not always have corresponding Korean possessive passives. e-type passives only produce possessive passives. The Korean language allows jida-type passives and jida-type passives avoid the agent and cannot be used for possessive passives where the action of the agent is preconditioned. This study clearly shows that Japanese possessive passives have their Korean equivalents in the form of possessive passives and it basically depends on whether e-type passives are allowed and whether X and Y is directly related in terms of exerting influence.