일본의 대중경제정책: ODA, 직접투자, 무역을 중심으로

Abstract

Over a thirty year time span from the year of 1979 in which China had carried out reform and opening-up policy to the year of 2010 when the GDPs of China and Japan had reversed, there was no long-term development strategy that Japan's economic policy had toward China, but there are different characteristics by each decade of the thirty years. In the 1980s, the Japanese government initiated the ODA assistance under the judgment that the rich and stable China might be helpful for Japan's interest. Japanese companies have invested in China to obtain the low-wage labor after appreciation of the yen was occurred by the 1985 Plaza Accord. As a result, the vertical division of labor forms that configure in between industrialized countries versus developing countries has been established between the two countries. In the 90s, China announced the ‘Strengthening namsun' and forcefully promoted the market economy. Economic relations between the two countries became more closely focusing on the ODA, direct investment and trade. On the other hand, the trade structure changed into a horizontal structure and Japan's deficit widened. As a result, trade friction begins to occur and the "China threat theory" has emerged in Japan. Finally, in the 2000s in which China had joined the WTO, China began to transform into a 'world market' from the 'factory of the world'. However, Japan hasn't been able to overcome the long-term recession since the 1990s. Moreover, as the more the anti-Japanese nationalism in China strengthened, the 'China threat theory' has spread more widely. The Japanese government determined that the powerful China is affecting Japan's national interests negatively, and cut the yen loan from 2005.