殷墟 花東卜辭 用辭 硏究

Abstract

In this paper, we study Yongci in Huadong oracle bone inscriptios using ‘Yinxu Huayuanzhuang Dongdi Jiagu’ (『殷墟花園莊東地甲骨』, in short ‘Huadong’) as non-royal oracle bone inscriptions (非王卜辭). First of all, we examine the range, types, and general records of Yongci, and then analyze the recorded contents of Yongci. Through these analysis, we suggest the characteristics and roles of Yongci in Huadong orcle bone inscriptions. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the commonly known ‘Yong’ (用) and ‘Buyong’ (不用) were used in the Yongci of ‘Huadong’, and the types such as ‘Ziyong’ (茲用) and ‘Zibuyong’ (茲不用) were not identified, and we suggest that Yongci were recorded in more than 30% of the oracle bone pieces in ‘Huadong’. Second, we classify the contents in which Yongci was recorded into six categories: ‘Ancestral rites’, ‘Hunting’, ‘Reign’, ‘Weather’, ‘Zi (子)'s Activity’, and ‘King and Fuhao (婦好)’. We also examine each example and analyze the usage of Yongci. In addition, we point out that among six types, Yongci were intensively recorded in the contents related to ‘Ancestral rites’. Third, we present the characteristics of Yongci in ‘Huadong’. We point out that the Yongci of ‘Huadong’ was used very frequently compared to Binzu (Bin group, 賓組) of Royal oracle bone inscriptions (王卜辭), and the Yongci of Royal oracle bone inscriptions was gradually increased through Wumingzu (Wuming group, 無名組) and Huangzu (Huang group, 黃組). Additionally, we reveal that Yongci was recorded mainly in the situation of choice. This is a phenomenon seen in Royal oracle bone inscriptions. We also explain that it is the original function of Yongci. Finally, we suggest that Yongci was recorded even in the contents that Zi could not choose or control, and point out that Yongci was basically recorded with Zhanci (占辭) in weather-related contents. In addition to that, we found that Yongci in these contents recorded the adoption of Zhanci according to Zi's prophecy, rather than the adoption of Mingci (命辭).