殷墟 花東卜辭 孚辭 硏究

Abstract

In this paper, we study the Fuci(孚辞) in Huadong oracle bone inscriptions(花東卜辞), using ‘Yinxu Huayuanzhuang Dongdi Jiagu’(殷墟花園莊東地甲骨, abbreviated as ‘Huadong’) as a collection of non-royal oracle bone inscriptions(非王卜辞) to examine the content recorded in the Fuci and the specific contexts of each record.. First, through the analysis of the ‘Huadong’, 9 oracle bone fragments and 11 divination inscriptions were confirmed as examples of Fuci. Additionally, the divination content was classified into five themes: 3 cases related to ‘Weather’, 3 to ‘Hunting’, 3 to ‘Governance’, 1 to ‘Rituals’, and 1 to the ‘King’, with detailed explanations provided for each. Second, through comparison with the Huang group(黄组), we summarized the characteristics of the Fuci in ‘Huadong’ into three main points. First, we noted that the Fuci in ‘Huadong’ features both the affirmative form ‘Fu’(孚) and the negative form ‘Bufu’(不孚). Next, we explained that the Fuci in ‘Huadong’ is recorded on a variety of topics, distinguishing it from the Fuci in the Huang group, which primarily focused on ‘Hunting’. We also present that there are no examples in ‘Huadong’ where the Fuci and Yanci(验辞) are recorded together. Third, we clarified the characteristics of the Fuci through comparisons with other components of the oracle bone inscriptions, Mingci(命辞), Zhanci(占辞), Yanci(验辞), and Yongci(用辞). We also explained that the Fuci signifies the realization of the divination content following the Mingci and the realization of the prophecy following the Zhanci. Additionally, while there is a commonality in recording factual results alongside Yanci, the Fuci indicates whether something has been achieved, whereas the Yanci is more focused on the aspect of ‘recording.’ In relation to Yongci, we highlighted the specific recording situations of ‘Huadong’252 and ‘Huadong’259 to illustrate how the characteristics of these two elements differ. In other words, Yongci primarily appears in situations of choice, indicating that the divination content has been selected, while the Fuci refers to questions about unknown situations or the realization of prophecies.