The Byungjin (Dual Progression) and the Logic of Authoritarian Survival: Kim Jong Un’s Pursuit of Legitimacy through Nuclear Prowess
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North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un announced the formal adoption of Byungjin in March 2013 – a dual policy aimed at simultaneous development of nuclear capability and the economy. Although Byungjin was officially presented as a dual-track policy, economic indicators suggest there has been an asymmetric implementation – prioritizing nuclear capability progression over economic development. As a result, the Byungjin policy was only partially realized, yielding tangible outcomes primarily in the military domain, particularly in the form of attaining a limited form of independent nuclear strategy against the United States (US). Despite its partial realization, the policy nonetheless proved effective in was effective in consolidating Kim’s ruling legitimacy, with it satisfying the essential components of the authoritarian survival framework – threat neutralization and symbolic dominance –grounded in performance-based legitimacy.
Abstract
North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un announced the formal adoption of Byungjin in March 2013 – a dual policy aimed at simultaneous development of nuclear capability and the economy. Although Byungjin was officially presented as a dual-track policy, economic indicators suggest there has been an asymmetric implementation – prioritizing nuclear capability progression over economic development. As a result, the Byungjin policy was only partially realized, yielding tangible outcomes primarily in the military domain, particularly in the form of attaining a limited form of independent nuclear strategy against the United States (US). Despite its partial realization, the policy nonetheless proved effective in was effective in consolidating Kim’s ruling legitimacy, with it satisfying the essential components of the authoritarian survival framework – threat neutralization and symbolic dominance –grounded in performance-based legitimacy.