Business Sustainability in Northeast Asian SMEs: A Systematic Literature Review
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This study presents a systematic literature review on business sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across South Korea, Japan, and China, addressing a critical gap by examining the drivers of sustainability performance in Northeast Asia. Through thematic analysis, the review identifies key internal and external factors, along with institutional pressures, that shape sustainability practices. A central finding is the mediating role of CEOs and senior managers in aligning internal capacities with external stakeholder demands. Unlike Western literature, which often emphasizes financial competitiveness, many studies in this region highlight broader motivations such as ethical values and community engagement. The study also reveals conceptual diversity in the definition and measurement of sustainability, suggesting future research should explore sectoral differences, stakeholder dynamics, and integration of emerging technologies. Findings offer implications for scholars, policymakers, and standard-setting bodies seeking to better understand and support SME sustainability within the complex institutional contexts of Northeast Asia.
Abstract
This study presents a systematic literature review on business sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across South Korea, Japan, and China, addressing a critical gap by examining the drivers of sustainability performance in Northeast Asia. Through thematic analysis, the review identifies key internal and external factors, along with institutional pressures, that shape sustainability practices. A central finding is the mediating role of CEOs and senior managers in aligning internal capacities with external stakeholder demands. Unlike Western literature, which often emphasizes financial competitiveness, many studies in this region highlight broader motivations such as ethical values and community engagement. The study also reveals conceptual diversity in the definition and measurement of sustainability, suggesting future research should explore sectoral differences, stakeholder dynamics, and integration of emerging technologies. Findings offer implications for scholars, policymakers, and standard-setting bodies seeking to better understand and support SME sustainability within the complex institutional contexts of Northeast Asia.
