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기업의 외부적 요인이 제품 개발 프로젝트 관리자의 신제품 지식과 제품 성과 간 관계에 미치는 영향

The Impact of External Factors on the Relationship Between Knowledge Characteristics and New Product Development Performance

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초록

지금까지 신제품개발 관련 연구는 조직의 역량, 리더의 경영방식, 종사원의 창의성 등의 조직적·개인적인 특성과 신제품 성공 간의 관계에 초점을 맞춰왔다. 기업의 내적 차원 측면을 강조해온 기존의 연구들과는 차별적으로, 본 연구는 기업의 내·외적 차원 측면들을 함께 고려하여 기업의 상황적 조건들이 팀 관리자의 지식의 유형과 조직적 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 규명하고자 한다. 지식기반이론과 상황 이론을 바탕으로 지식의 복잡성 또는 지식의 중복성과 신제품성과 간 관계가 기업의 외적 환경 요인에 의해 조절될 수 있음을 고려하여 3개의 가설을 설정하였다. 기업의 환경 요인으로는 기업 규모, 혁신수준, 그리고 산업 변동성을 제시하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 국내 하이테크산업에서 신제품 프로젝트에 참여한 제품 개발팀의 과장급 이상 종사원을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 지식의 유형과 성과의 선형관계를 검증하였으며, 회귀분석을 이용하여 본 연구에서 설정한 가설들을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 지식의 중복성과 신제품성과 관계에서 기업 규모의 조절 효과, 지식의 복잡성과 신제품성과 관계에서 혁신수준의 조절 효과를 제외한 모든 가설에서 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구는 팀 관리자들이 신제품성과를 성공적으로 창출하기 위해서는 내부 조직뿐 아니라 외부 환경도 함께 고려해야 하며, 기업의 규모나 기업의 혁신수준에 따라 그에 부합하는 지식의 활용 및 지식경영 활동이 필요하다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

This study examines external environmental factors in firms as moderators of the relationship between knowledge characteristics and new product development(NPD) performance. Drawing on knowledge based view and contingency theory, we hypothesize that firm size, innovativeness, and industry velocity moderate the relationship between knowledge complexity or knowledge redundancy and NPD performance. Using data from a study of 217 managers in new product projects within the high-tech industry, we empirically examine the moderating effects of firm size, innovativeness, and industry velocity on the relationship between knowledge characteristics and NPD performance. Except for H1b and H2a, we found that the relationship between the characteristics of knowledge (knowledge complexity and knowledge redundancy) and NPD performance is moderated by contextual factors(firm size, innovation level, and industry volatility). Finally, the implications of these results are addressed.

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