R&D의 내부통합과 기능 간 협업이 신제품 혁신성 및 신제품 개발 성과에 미치는 영향: 한국의 기술혁신형 중소기업을 중심으로
Effects of R&D’s Internal Integration and Cross-functional Collaboration on New Product Innovativeness and Development Performance: Evidence from Korean Innobiz Enterprises
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초록
글로벌 시장 환경에서 중소기업의 신제품 개발 역량은 경쟁우위의 원천이 되고 있다. 선행연구에서는 중소기업의 제품혁신 역량을 결정하는 R&D 역량으로 R&D 집약도를 핵심요인으로 주목해 왔다. 하지만 본 연구는 지식기반이론에 근거하여 중소기업의 R&D 역량으로 지식통합 역량을 제안한다. 즉, 신제품 개발은 여러 기능부서에 보유하고 있는 전문화된 지식을 결합하여 활용하는 과정이며, R&D 부서는 내부의 지식을 통합하고, 구매, 생산, 품질, 마케팅 등의 기능부서가 보유하고 있는 기능지식을 교환, 흡수하여 성공적인 신제품 개발을 할 수 있다고 제안한다. 우리나라의 기술혁신형 중소기업인 이노비즈(innobiz) 인증 기업을 대상으로 표본을 추출하여 총 124개 기업으로부터 자료를 수집하여 가설을 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, R&D 부서의 내부지식 통합과 기능 간 협업을 통한 지식교환은 신제품개발 성과를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 R&D 부서의 내부 지식통합은 신제품 혁신성에 유의한 효과를 주었으나 기능 간 협업은 신제품 혁신성에 유의한 효과를 끼치지 못하였다. 예상과는 달리 R&D의 내부지식 통합과 기능 간 협업은 신제품 혁신성과 신제품 개발성과에 부(-)의 상호작용 효과를 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 R&D 부서에서 지나치게 관련부서의 지식을 흡수․통합하려고 하면 R&D 내부의 지식 통합의 효율성을 저하시킬 수 있다는 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
To compete in ever-changing global markets, small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) should develop their product innovation capability to achieve competitive advantage. Prior studies have considered R&D intensity as a key determinant of R&D capability. This study, however, suggests R&D’s ability to integrate technical and functional knowledge as a key factor for new product development performance. Based upon the knowledge based view of the firm, this study presumes that new product development is a process of exchange, absorption, and integration of specialized knowledge embedded in individuals or organizational practices. In this process, R&D should combine technical knowledge within the R&D department as well as attain functional knowledge from other departments such as purchasing, production, quality, marketing, etc. Data was collected from 124 Innobiz-certified SMEs in Korea, and moderated regression methodology was employed to test the hypotheses. As a result, this study confirms that R&D’s internal integration improves product innovativeness and new product development performance, whereas its cross-functional collaboration only affects new product development performance. Surprisingly, a negative interaction between R&D’s internal and cross-functional integration activities was observed. Academic and practical contributions are discussed and future research directions are also presented.
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