파리협정상 기후기술 개발 및 이전 규범의 국내적 이행에 관한 연구

Abstract

The climate technology development and transfer under the Paris Agreement are in the process of being systematized in domestic law and policy. This process includes the ‘1st National Carbon Neutral and Green Growth Master Plan(’23-’42)’ based on the ‘Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality’ and the establishment of the ‘1st Climate Change Response Technology Development Master Plan(’23-’32)’ based on the ‘Climate Technology Act’ which is instrumental in systematizing the Republic of Korea’s climate technology R&D policies and projects for the next 10 years. The objective of this study is to review the domestic implementation status of climate technology development and transfer under the Paris Agreement and to suggest domestic legal and policy implications based on comparative analysis between International and domestic laws. First, this study examines key issues in the process of developing International norms from the UNFCCC to the Paris Agreement. Progressive discussions are taking place regarding the ‘Technology Mechanism’ established by COP16 and the ‘Technology Framework’ that presents its direction. In this context, the conflicts between developed and developing countries in negotiations are identified, and the meaningful decisions of the COP are analyzed. Next, in order to analyze the domestic implementation of climate technology development and transfer under the Paris Agreement, the study examines how the two elements of ‘climate technology’ and ‘development and transfer’ are regulated within the ‘Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality’ and the ‘Climate Technology Act.’ In this process, the study analyze the detail of the Korean climate technology taxonomy and the current status of implementation of climate technology development and transfer, expressed as ‘International cooperation on climate technology.’ Finally, based on the comparative analysis of the International and domestic laws on climate technology development and transfer, the study presents domestic legal and policy implications as a conclusion. The policy adjustments are needed to ensure that the core elements of the ‘Technology Framework’ under the Paris Agreement are consistently integrated into domestic laws and policies. Also, it is important to establish strong linkages and complementarity among the various master plans and policies related to climate change and climate technology. Lastly, it is necessary to move away from the previous view that climate technology development and transfer is just understood as a means of exporting domestic climate technology overseas, and to recognize that the ‘International cooperation on climate technology’ could be a key factor for Korea to become a leading country in global Carbon Neutrality society.