파리기후변화협정 하에서 한국의 공정하고 효율적인 기후변화 대응방안에 대한 시론
A Study on Korea’s Fair and Efficient Climate Policies under the Paris Agreement
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초록
기후변화와 관련된 연구는 경제성 및 기술성의 관점에서 주로 논의가 이루어져 왔을 뿐 국제사회정의 및 인권적 관점에서의 분석이 드물다. 본고에서는 파리기후변화협정을 대상으로 하여 정당한 국제질서, 인권 및 기후부담의 국가 간 공정한 배분이라는 융합적인 관점에서 대응방안을 논하고자 한다. 1장 서론에서는 파리협정의 내용과 그 국제법적 성격을 설명하고, 우리나라의 기후변화 정책이 국제사회정의의 관점에서 윤리적 책무를 다하여 규범적으로 정당함과 동시에 효율적으로 부담을 경감하여 실현 가능해야 한다고 논변한다. 2장에서는 롤즈 정의론의 관점에서, 기후변화에 대한 적극적 대처가 기후변화에 취약한 나라들의 사회 갈등과 불안정을 예방하고 평화로운 국제 질서를 안정적으로 유지하는데 기여함을 밝힌다. 3장에서는 기후변화와 인권의 관계를 이론적으로 검토하여 우리나라의 대응이 국제적 인권 존중의 가치에 부합하기 위해 충족해야 할 조건을 살핀다. 4장에서는 기후변화 협약 상 국가 간 부담의 공정한 배분 기준을 이론적으로 검토함으로써 우리나라가 부담해야 할 책무의 내용을 보다 구체적으로 살핀다. 결론인 5장에서는 규범적으로 정당함과 동시에 지속적으로 실현가능한 기후변화 대응방안이 되려면, 우리 실정에 맞는 연구개발을 통해 에너지기술을 혁신하여 효율성을 제고해야 한다고 제안한다.
Abstract
We explain the Paris Agreement on climate change and its status in international law, and argue that Korea’s climate change policy should be not only justifiable from the standpoint of international justice, but also feasible by being efficient in reducing its climate burden. We argue, from the Rawlsian perspective, that an adequate response to climate change is not merely a benevolence that increases overall utility, but a significant obligation that is required to respect the sovereignty of climate-vulnerable countries and maintain the peaceful international order. We examine the relationship between climate change and human rights and the conditions that Korea’s climate policy should meet in order to protect human rights. We review the principles of fair distribution of climate change burdens among nations and specify Korea’s fair share of climate burdens. We conclude that an important part of feasible and sustainable climate policies is to accelerate public and private clean energy innovation and develop new technologies that can reduce greenhouse gases through research and technology development.
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