트롤리문제와 도덕판단의 세 가지 근거들
The Trolley Problem and Three Foundations of Moral Judgement
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본 논문에서는 도덕적 딜레마 사례로 Philippa Foot과 Judith Thomson이 제시했던 트롤리문제(the trolley problem)의 철학적 쟁점들을 검토한다. 트롤리사례(trolley case)란 ‘소수를 희생하여 다수를 구해야만 하는지’와 관련된 딜레마이다. I절에서는 Foot과 Thomson이 제기한 트롤리사례들의 특성과 초기 해결책들을 기술한다. 이어서 도덕판단의 근저에서 작용하고 있다고 여겨지는 세 가지 근거에 대해서 논의한다. ‘이중결과론에서의 의도와 단순한 예견’, ‘함과 둠의 원칙에서의 함과 둠’, ‘행위의 결과에 관한 객관적 사실’이 그것이다. 이 세 가지 근거가 트롤리문제의 해결에서 어떻게 작용하는 지에 대해서 논의한다. II절에서는 트롤리문제를 해결하려는 두 윤리적 입장으로, 자아긍정과 자아부정의 입장을 검토한다. 이를 위해서 트롤리문제와 관련해서 최근에 개진된 Thomson의 전향적 입장(2008)을 자세히 논의한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the trolley problem proposed by Philippa Foot and Judith Thomson. Trolley cases are the kind of dilemmas which relate to whether we should save the more people rather than the less. In chapter I, I discuss the solutions in the initial states presented by Foot and Thomson and then focus on three foundations which play pivotal role in moral judgement. That is, the intention and the merely foresight in the doctrine of double effect, the doing and allowing in the doctrine of doing and allowing, and the objective facts in consequentialism. In chapeter II, I examine closely Thomson(2008)’s overturning view that there is no trolley problem. On the basis of this examination, I investigate the two contrasting positions, self-affirming and self-negating, which would resolve the problem of trolley.
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