2017–2018, 2018–2019 절기 제주 지역 소아 인플루엔자의 역학적 특성
Epidemiological Characteristics of Influenza in Children during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 Influenza Seasons in Jeju, Korea
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목적: 제주 지역에서 2017–2018 절기와 2018–2019 절기에 소아 연령에서 인플루엔자의 역학에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 더하여 국내 인플루엔자 표본감시체계와 비교하여 그 대표성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 방법: 2017–2018, 2018–2019 각각의 절기에 제주대학교 병원에 방문하여 인플루엔자 검사를 시행 받은 13세 미만의 소아를 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록을 통하여 대상 환자들의 인구학적 자료, 인플루엔자 검사 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 총 5,219명의 인플루엔자 의사환자가 연구 대상자로 포함되었다. 전체적으로 연구 대상자의 평균 나이는 2.85±2.79세였고, 두 절기 모두 인플루엔자 의사환자는 1세 연령 그룹이 가장 많았다. 인플루엔자 감염이 확인된 소아는 총 902 (17.3%)명이었다. 2017–2018 절기에는 인플루엔자 A형의 양성률은 10.4% (236/2,279), 인플루엔자 B형의 양성률은 9.1% (208/2,279)이었다. 2018–2019 절기에는 인플루엔자 A형의 양성률은 10.3% (303/2,940), 인플루엔자 B형의 양성률은 5.3% (155/2,940)이었다. 인플루엔자 환자의 평균 연령은 2017–2018 절기에는 4.09세, 2018–2019 절기에는 5.05세로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P<0.05). 인플루엔자의 주별 분포는 국내 임상감시시스템의 인플루엔자 의사환자와 유사한 형태로 나타났다. 결론: 제주 지역에서 2017–2018 절기와 2018–2019 절기 사이에 인플루엔자 유행 양상과 연령 분포의 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 국내 다른 지역과의 역학적 특성과 비교하여 제주 지역 고유의 인플루엔자 역학에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.
Abstract
Purpose: In Korea, seasonal influenza is an important respiratory illness afflicting children every year. We aimed to investigate the childhood epidemiology in Jeju during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons. Methods: Children aged <13 years, who were tested for influenza at the Jeju National University Hospital during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 influenza seasons, were included. Demographics and the influenza test results were retrospectively reviewed from their medical records. Results: This study included 5,219 cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) (2017–2018: n=2,279; 2018–2019: n=2,940). The mean age of the eligible children was 2.85±2.79 years, and the most common age among ILI patients in each season was 1 year group. There were 902 (17.3%, 902/5,219) confirmed influenza cases during the 2 seasons. The rate of influenza confirmed by rapid influenza diagnostic test or polymerase chain reaction among ILI patients in the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons was 10.4% (236/2,279) and 10.3% (303/2,940) for influenza A, and 9.1% (208/2,279) and 5.3% (155/2,940) for influenza B, respectively. The mean age of influenza-confirmed cases was 4.09 years and 5.05 years in the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons, respectively (P<0.05). Weekly distribution of influenza was similar to that of ILI in the clinical sentinel surveillance system in both seasons. Conclusion: The difference in the influenza epidemic trend and age-group distribution between the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons was distinct in Jeju. Steady epidemiological studies on influenza in Jeju are needed for comparison with other regions of Korea.
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