이혼 과정에서의 가정폭력 피해자 보호를 위한 입법･정책 과제
Protecting victims of domestic violence in the process of divorce
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이혼은 가정폭력으로부터 벗어날 수 있는 중요한 법적 절차이다. 하지만 가정폭력 피해자는 부부상담 명령, 가사조사 등의 과정과 절차에서 가정폭력 재피해의 위험에 직면하기도 한다. 특히 가정폭력 가해자가 이혼을 원하지 않는 경우, 가정폭력을 충분히 고려하지 않은 법원 결정을 통해 자녀면접교섭 사전처분을 통한 양육권 스토킹 피해가 발생하기도 한다. 이혼 과정에서 가정폭력 발생 유무를 신중하게 고려하지 않는 우리나라와 달리, 미국, 영국, 캐나다 등에서는 양육권 및 자녀면접교섭 등 ‘아동의 복리’ 결정 과정에 있어 가정폭력을 중요 참고 요인으로 고려하는 법률을 마련하고 있다. 이에 이 글에서는 가정폭력 피해자가 이혼 과정에서 겪고 있는 권리침해의 문제점을 살피고, 가정폭력 피해자 및 피해자녀 보호를 위한 개선과제를 도출하였다.
Abstract
Although divorce may not be always the best solution for domestic violence victims, it would be important for the victims to end a legal relationship with the abuser. However, it should be also recognized that the victims of intimate partner violence often face the fatal risk when they try to leave the violent relationship. If the survivor has children with the abuser, the situation can be getting worse unless there are legal grounds for protecting survivors and their children. This article explores the ways in which the law protects the victims of domestic abuse and their children from abusers’ ongoing control in the U.S., U.K, and Canada. These countries have developed appropriate legal systems to protect victims of domestic abuse when making decisions about custody. This article suggests that it is necessary to revise legal provisions such as Family Litigation Act to prohibit awarding custody to a parent involved in abuse or violence.
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