러시아어 근칭 지시사의 감정적 기능
The Emotive Function of Russian Proximal Demonstratives
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초록
본고는 러시아어 근칭지시사의 감정적 기능이 발현되는 유형과 그 특징에 대해 고찰한다. 러시아어 근칭지시형용사 этот는 지시체에 대한 화자의 감정을 표현할 수 있으며, 이러한 감정적 этот은 고유명사, 일반명사 및 형용사를 수식하거나, 피수식 명사 없이 독립적으로 사용되는데, 대체로 대상에 대한 부정적 감정을 표현하지만, 긍정적 감정 표현이 배제되는 것은 아니다. 근칭지시사 этот뿐 아니라, 원칭지시사 тот 또한 지시체에 대한 화자의 태도를 드러낼 수 있는데, 이때 этот이 대상에 대한 보다 적극적 감정을 표현한다면, тот은 대상으로부터 거리두기와 회피를 통해 부정적 감정을 암시한다는 점에서 차이가 있다. 러시아어 감정적 근칭지시형용사는 지시체에 ‘친숙함’ 자질을 부여하거나 강조하며, 담화 내 선행표현과 더불어 대상을 공지시하는 대용적 기능을 수행하나, 물리적 거리에서 파생된, 대상에 대한 화자의 감정적 거리를 은유적으로 표현하며 주관화한다는 점에서 직시적 특징을 배제할 수 없다. 즉, 러시아어 감정적 지시사 этот은 대용사이면서 동시에 직시사로 기능한다.
Abstract
This article analyzes the emotive function of Russian proximal demonstratives, examining the conditions when this function stands out and specifying the Russian emotive demonstratives’ characteristics distinguished from other functions and other languages. The Russian proximal demonstratives in a form of the determiner etot can reveal the speaker’s emotional attitude toward the referent, sometimes even appearing in a context where the demonstrative is not obligatory either as a deictic marker or as an anaphoric expression. They modify proper and common nouns of generic and specific reference, and even zero forms. In the majority of cases Russian proximal emotive demonstratives reveal the speaker’s negative emotions toward the referent, but positive emotions are not excluded. Not only the Russian proximal demonstrative determiner etot, but also the distal demonstrative tot can express the speaker’s attitude toward the referent, though the emotive tot is found much less frequently. These two emotive demonstratives differ from each other in that etot apparently reveals the speaker’s positive and negative attitudes toward the referent, while tot implicitly indicates the speaker’s sense of detachment or evasive attitude toward the referent, implying that he/she is not involved with it at that moment or wants to be away from it. The Russian proximal demonstrative determiner assigns the givenness feature ‘familiarity’ to a relatively unfamiliar referent or emphasizes this feature of the already familiar referent. That is, it functions as an anaphoric means to co-refer to the referent familiar to the speaker or the addressee. On the other hand, its deictic aspect cannot be ignored, inasmuch as the Russian demonstratives metaphorically express the speaker’s degree of emotional involvement with the referent by means of the demonstrative adjectives referring to his/her physical distance from it. Thus the Russian emotive demonstrative etot functions both as an anaphoric and deictic marker.
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