재난 시 장애인 보호에 관한 국제법상의 논의
International Legal Discussion on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Event of Disasters
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이 글에서는 장애인의 재난 관리(Disaster Management) 정책 참여에 의한 자율성 향상이 재난 발생 시 장애인의 보호에 기여한다는 생각을 바탕으로, 유엔 주도의 재난 관리에서 취약 계층(Vulnerable Groups) 중 하나인 장애인을 어떻게 고려하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 재난이 발생했을 때 장애인은 일반인보다 더 큰 피해에 노출되게 되므로, 그들을 재난 관리 정책에 참여시킴으로써 장애인들의 상황에 가장 적합한 재난위험경감(Disaster Risk Reduction) 정책을 수립하고 이행하면 재난 시 장애인 보호가 훨씬 더 향상될 것이기 때문이다. 이를 위해 먼저 재난 관리에 대한 가장 기본적인 국제법 문서인 유엔 국제법위원회(ILC)의 ‘재난 시 인간 보호’에 관한 조약 초안에 담긴 장애인에 대한 고려와 함께, 장애인의 권리에 대한 가장 기본적인 국제법 문서인 유엔 장애인권리협약(CRPD)에 나타난 재난 상황에서의 장애인 보호에 대한 조항을 검토하였다. 다음으로 세계적인 재난위험경감 계획을 위해 유엔이 10년마다 개최하였던 회의 중 세 번째이자 가장 최근에 개최된 2015년 회의에서 비로소 장애인 문제가 의제로 포함된 과정을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 2015년의 재난위험경감회의에서 채택된 센다이 프레임워크 중 장애인 분야에 대한 이행 상황을 우리나라와 아시아-태평양 지역을 중심으로 점검하였다. 이를 통하여 2015년, 재난위험경감을 위한 센다이 프레임워크에 장애인 의제가 포함된 것은 큰 진전임이 분명하지만, 2030년 센다이 프레임워크 종료 시점까지 우리나라와 아시아 태평양 지역에서 재난 시 장애인 보호를 위해 수행해야 할 과업이 여전히 많이 남아 있는 것 또한 확인하였다.
Abstract
Based on the idea that improving the autonomy of persons with disabilities by participating in Disaster Management policy contributes to the protection of persons with disabilities in the event of a disaster, in this article, it was examined how the disabled, one of the vulnerable groups, were considered in the UN-led disaster management. When a disaster occurs, people with disabilities are exposed to greater damage than the general population. By engaging them in disaster management policies, the Disaster Risk Reduction policy most appropriate to the situation of the disabled could be established and implemented. Then, protection of persons with disabilities in times of disaster would be much improved. To this end, International Law Commission’s draft articles on the protection of persons with disabilities in the event of disasters were analyzed, and then the provision related to disaster situations in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was reviewed. Next, the process of including the disabled issue on the agenda in the third and most recent conference of the United Nations for the global disaster risk reduction plan in 2015 was looked into. Finally, mainly in Korea and the Asia-Pacific region, the implementation statuses of the disabled sector among the Sendai Frameworks adopted at the 2015 Disaster Risk Reduction Conference were reviewed. Although it was clear that the inclusion of the disability agenda in the Sendai Framework was a great step forward, there is still much work to be done to protect people with disabilities in the event of disasters by 2030.
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