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아일랜드섬 평화과정 네트워크의 형태변환: 합의 이후 실행과정에서 나타난 이념과 세력의 변화를 중심으로

A Metamorphosis of the Peace Process Network in the Island of Ireland: From the Center to the Extreme in Ideology

구갑우
극동문제연구소 (THE INSTITUTE FOR FAR EASTERN STUDIES)|2013.09|한국과 국제정치 (Korea and World Politics)|제29권 제3호|pp. 189-228|DOI 10.17331/kwp.2013.29.3.006

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키워드

Network네트워크북아일랜드Northern IrelandPeace Process실행과정Good Friday Agreement아일랜드섬Island of Ireland성금요일협정평화과정Agreement at St. AndrewsImplementation Process
주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 글은 아일랜드섬의 평화과정에서 평화의 제도화에 이르는 협상과정과 합의 이후의 실행과정을 갈등전환의 이론에 기초하여 구성한 ‘평화과정 네트워크’란 시각에서 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 아일랜드섬 평화과정 네트워크의 형태변환에 주목한다. 아일랜드섬 평화과정 네트워크는 ‘실행과정’에 진입하면서 온건한 합병주의와 온건한 민족주의가 허브역할을 하는 네트워크에서 강성의 합병주의와 강성의 공화주의가 허브역할을 하는 네트워크로 이행했다. 즉 북아일랜드의 정치네트워크는 이념의 ‘중앙’에서 이념의 ‘극단’으로 이동했다. 그 이유로 엘리트수준의 합의에 기초한 평화협정의 한계가 지적된다. 최소한이지만 네트워크 이론을 도입하는 이유는, 아일랜드섬에서 분단의 재생산을 가능하게 했던 행위자들의 관계망 즉 네트워크가 존재했다고 이 글이 가정하기 때문이다. 구조라는 비가시적 실재는 행위자들의 행위 없이 작동할 수 없다. 즉 분단의 재생산은 구조의 산물이라 할 수 있지만, 그 이행을 가능하게 한 힘은 행위자들의 네트워크였다. 아일랜드섬의 평화과정은 독특하고 고유한 역사를 담고 있지만 한편 수출상품이 될 정도로 보편성을 담지하고 있기 때문에, 한반도 평화과정에서도 유의미한 준거가 될 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

From an actor-network theory perspective, formulated on the basis of conflict transformation theory, this paper reviews the peace process in the island of Ireland from the pre-agreement negotiation to the post-agreement implementation in institutionalizing peace. Special focus is given to metamorphosis in Ireland’s peace process network, which, as the implementation process began, made a transition from network with moderate unionism and nationalism to hard-line unionism and republicanism in Northern Ireland. In other words, from an ideological standpoint, the peace process network has moved from the center to the extreme. This transition is attributable to the limitation of the peace agreement coming from elite-level consensus. Network theory is introduced at the minimum level, with the assumption that there exists a web of relationship or network between actors that enabled reproduction of national partition in the island of Ireland. Structure is an invisible reality that cannot function without actors; that is, reproduction of the partition is the output of a structure, while the enabler of its transition is the network of the actors. The peace process in the island of Ireland has its specific and unique historical features on the one side and universal and exportable features on the other, rendering it a meaningful reference for the peace process on the Korean peninsula.

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