미중 기술패권경쟁과 대만의 전략적 대응
US-China Technology Hegemony Competition and Taiwan’s Strategic Response
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이 글은 미중 기술패권경쟁이 초래한 반도체 공급망 위기에 대만 당국과 기업들이 어떻게 전략적으로 대응하는지 분석한다. 대만 반도체 산업은 TSMC 같은 기업들의 첨단 기술력이 강점이지만, 지정학적 불안정성은 약점으로 작용하고 있다. 또한 대만 기업들이 미국과 일본 및 유럽연합 등과의 협력을 기회로 활용하고 있지만, 중국의 군사적 위협과 미중 기술경쟁 등의 위협에 직면하고 있다. 이에 대만 당국은 과학기술정책 추진 체계를 정비하고 연구개발 투자 확대 및 인재 양성에 노력하고 있으며, 기업들 역시 국제협력 강화를 통한 기술 혁신 및 공급망 다변화 전략을 추진하는 등 전략적으로 대응하고 있다. 한국 역시 연구개발 투자 확대와 핵심기술 육성, 글로벌 공급망 다변화 등을 통해 경제안보 및 전략적 자율성을 추구할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This article analyzes how Taiwanese authorities and companies are strategically responding to the global supply chain crisis caused by the escalating U.S.-China technology arms race, with a focus on the semiconductor sector. Taiwan’s semiconductor industry is characterized by its strengths in advanced technology from companies such as TSMC, but its weaknesses include geopolitical instability and the lack of a holistic strategy for the industry. In addition, Taiwanese companies are utilizing cooperation with the United States, Japan, and the European Union as an opportunity to enhance competitiveness and secure supply chain stability in the semiconductor industry, but they still face threats from China’s military threats and the U.S.-China technology race. In response to the supply chain crisis caused by the U.S.-China technological hegemony competition, the Taiwanese authorities have been overhauling the Science and Technology policy promotion system, expanding R&D investment and fostering human resources, and externally pursuing supply chain diversification with various countries. Taiwan’s semiconductor companies, represented by TSMC, are also pursuing a strategy to diversify their supply chains by expanding R&D and fostering human resources, while strengthening international cooperation with the United States, Japan, and the European Union. South Korea also needs to pursue economic security and strategic autonomy by expanding R&D investments, fostering core technologies, and diversifying global supply chains.
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