국가 신자유주의: 자본주의로 가는 중국의 도정에 대한 전망
State Neoliberalism: The Chinese Road to Capitalism in Comparative Perspective
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이 글의 목적은 중국 정치경제의 맥락에서 자본주의의 새로운 변이라고 할 수 있는 중국 자본주의의 주요한 요소를 밝혀내고, 그럼으로써 1978년 이후 등장한 중국 자본주의를 탐구하기 위한 발판을 마련하는 데 있다. 우리는 이 자본주의를‘국가 신자유주의(state neoliberalism)’로 명명하고자 한다. 먼저 이 글은 중국의 국가 신자유주의와 개발도상국, 서구, 그리고 후기사회주의 동유럽의 다양한 자본주의 간의 유사점과 차이점을 비교한다. 다음으로 국가 신자유주의의 특징을 살펴보고 어떻게 국가 신자유주의가 끊임없이 자본축적을 추동하여 중국을 가난한 제3세계 국가에서 자본주의 세계 경제의엔진으로 견인했는지를 연구하고자 한다. 마지막으로 21세기의 국가 신자유주의를 전망해보려 한다.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify the main elements of a new varietyof capitalism in China within the context of Chinese domestic politicaleconomy, thus providing the first step to examining China’s emergentcapitalism since 1978, what we label as “state neoliberalism.” This paperfirst compares the similarities and differences between state neoliberalismin China with other varieties of capitalism in the south, in the West, and inpost-socialist Eastern Europe. Then it identifies the distinctive characteristicsof state neoliberalism and explicates how state neoliberalism hasengendered a ceaseless drive of capitalist accumulation in China, propellingChina from a poor third world country to an economic powerhouse ofthe capitalist world-economy. In the end, this paper will discuss the futureprospects for state neoliberalism in the twenty-first century.
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