내항여객운송항로 효율성 및 결정요인 분석
A Study on the Efficiency of Domestic Passenger Shipping and its Determinants
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초록
해양수산부는 2018년부터 국내 여객운송항로에 준공영제를 도입하여 지원하고 있다. 본 연구는 자료포락분석(DEA) 기법을 활용하여 준공영제 정책이 항로의 효율성에 미친 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 또한, 내항여객항로의 효율성을 추정하고 효율성에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 분석함으로써 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2017년부터 2019년까지의 86개 항로에 대한 데이터를 활용하였다. 준공영제 항로는 일반항로와 보조항로에 비해 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 항로별 평균 효율성은 여객 실적 감소로 인해 세 종류의 항로 모두 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 보조항로에 주어진 보조금은 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 분석됐다. 그 외에 항로구분, 선박 설계속력, 운영선사 경력, 항로 거리 등이 효율성에 유의한 영향을 주는 변수로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 결항 횟수를 비소망재로 설정한 효율성 추정 모형이 내항여객항로의 잦은 결항에 따른 특성을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of South Korea has applied a semi-public service system on domestic sea routes since 2018. This study aimed to measure the effects of policies surrounding the efficiency of those sea routes by applying the data envelopment analysis model. Furthermore, this study sought to draw political implications by examining the efficiency of domestic passenger shipping in Korea as well as its determinants. The research undergone in this study exploited the data of 86 domestic sea routes in Korea during 2017-2019. Semi-public routes were found to be more efficient than general routes and subsidiary routes. However, the average efficiency scores of all three types of routes diminished from 2017 to 2019, mainly due to a downfall of the number of passengers. The results also showed that the amount of subsidy positively affects the efficiency of sea routes. Other determinants that significantly affected the efficiency scores were the type of the routes, the design speed of the sailing ship, the age of the shipping company, and the distance of the routes, etc. Lastly, it was demonstrated that considering the number of cancellations of voyages in the efficiency analysis could reflect the properties of domestic sea routes.
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