EU와 러시아의 에너지 경제협력
EU and Russia economic cooperation in energy
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에너지협력은 처해있는 입장에 따라서 다른 의미를 가지고 있다. 러시아와 EU는 가지각색의 에너지 안전 보장을 내걸고 논쟁을 하고 있다. 그러나 주장하는 의미는 각각 달라서 대립하고 있는 양상이다. 러시아의 주장은 장기 계약과 상호주의에 근거하고 있다. 공급의 안전을 요구하는 측면에서는 편파적이며, 공급자로서의 책임과 수요자 책임에 의해서 담보되는 장기 계약이 에너지의 안전을 보장한다고 주장하고 있다. EU의 주장은 러시아에 대해서 장기 계약의 폐기와 파이프라인의 제삼자 참여를 허용되어야 한다는 것이다. 시장의 자유화가 활발한 투자를 불러 들여, 에너지의 안전 보장에 도움이 된다는 입장이다. 러시아에 대한 의존도 조절을 어떻게 해야 하는가가 큰 논쟁점이 되고 있다. 현 시점에서 장기적으로 러시아에 대한 의존도가 높을 수밖에 없는 유럽은 과연 러시아가 신뢰할 수 있는 에너지 공급국인가 하는 점이 매우 중요한 문제점이 될 수밖에 없다. 이러한 측면에서 양국의 에너지협력 문제를 살펴본다.
Abstract
Energy supplies from Russia to other European countries is an important part of this relationship. On one hand, almost 400 million metric tons of oil equivalent of hydrocarbons, or almost one-third of oil & gas consumption in the enlarged EU, comprising 25 countries. On the other hand, Europe is by far the largest market for Russian energy. Moreover, new commercial plans and projects targeted to further increases of energy supplies from Russia to Europe are being discussed. These will necessarily enhance the extent of mutual cooperation and interdependence. To provide for stable development of this key relationship the Russia-EU Energy Dialogue has been launched several years ago. The idea was to make medium and long-term forecasts of the demand dynamics in Europe and correspondingly to work out the plan of the development of oil and gas fields in Russia and neighboring countries, provide for appropriate capital investment and create the necessary infrastructural capacity. But at present, this energy dialogue, to a large extent, stands idle. The energy chapter of the ‘Road Map for the Common Economic Space’, approved a year ago at the EU-Russia summit in Moscow, incorporates a list of general statements which hardly clarify where Russia and EU are going in the sphere of energy relations. Regularly published ‘progress reports’ on energy dialogue refer now to quite a narrow circle of specific activities, like TACIS-sponsored energy efficiency projects in certain Russian cities. These ‘tactical’ projects are indeed important, but much less productive in absence of mutual understanding of political strategy of the ‘bigger’ dialogue. Russian and European politicians together can and, actually, should contribute a lot to help establish a reliable, mutually respectful and environmentally friendly common energy space in EU and Russia.
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