프루동의 연방사상: ‘아나키’에서 ‘연방’으로 -저서 「연방의 원리에 관하여」(Du Principe federatif)를 중심으로-

Abstract

It seems that ideological and philosophical seeds of the European Union(EU) stem from the federalism founded by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. He told that “The 20th century will open the era of federations or humanity will resume a purgatory thousand years.” These words fully show that he was confident about the federalism as the “Fédération des Etats”. Proudhon had published a number of works, including <Qu'est ce que la propriété?>, a masterpiece. In particular, in <Du Principe fédératif et de la nécessité de reconstituer le Parti de la Révolution>, he proposed to the establishment of “international-scale customs union and joint workshops” as a type of “federalism”. He argued that if the principle of the federation decides a fair distribution of power in Europe, this principle will functional as a means for peace. The concept of voluntary agreements and balance in the his thinking is to be a key initiative of the federalism of Proudhon. The idea of federalism by Proudhon derives from the ‘anarchy’. It means “without rulers or ruled states”. Proudhon considered that the ‘anarchy’ is ‘self-government’ and ‘individual governments’: that is, the ‘anarchy’ is ultimately “a sovereign government forms without the owner”. Such form of government or ruling systems must be based on the freedom without the authority. Therefore, the ‘anarchy’ can be recognized as ‘personal rule by individuals’. According to Proudhon, the federalism is therefore a ‘federation’ as the organizing principle of society which is not central controlled and ruled. As his prophetic that “the 20th century will open the era of federations“, the EU is developing and deepening in the european continent today.