브렉시트 이후 Global Britain 추진을 위한 영국 통상정책의 세부과제와 전망
UK's Trade Policy for Global Britain: What should be done after the Brexit?
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브렉시트는 유럽통합의 움직임에 큰 변화를 줄 수 있는 역사적인 사건이다. 본 연구는 영국 정부의 발표와 같이 영국이 브렉시트 이후 EU와 포괄적 FTA를 형성한다는 전제 하에 영국 통상정책의 세부과제를 살펴보았다. 특히, 영국의 통상정책을 ① 영국-EU 관계, ②영국-FTA 체결국 관계, 그리고 ③ 영국-WTO 회원국 등 3개의 층위로 구분하여, 각 층위별 필요한 세부과제를 살펴보았다. EU 탈퇴 통보 이후 2년 동안 영국은EU와 협상을 통해 별도의 경제통상관계를 정립해야 하며, EU의 기체결 FTA를 승계하기 위해 EU의 FTA 체결국과 별도의 양자협상을 진행할 필요가 있다. 또한 관세동맹인EU로부터 탈퇴함으로 인해 WTO 체제에서 관세, 서비스 개방, 정부조달시장, 농업개방관련 양허를 재정립해야할 과제를 앉게 되었다. 영국과 EU 간의 관계는 시장접근성과 정책주권의 보호가 상쇄관계를 형성하는 가운데 협상이 이루어질 것으로 예상된다. 영국은 유럽단일시장에 대한 접근성을 최대한 보장받고자 하는 반면, 영국-EU 간의 노동이동에 대한 통제권한을 확보하고자 할 것이다. 제3국과의 통상협상에 있어 영국은 우선적으로 WTO 체제 하의 양허안을 구성함과 병행하여 EU의 기체결 FTA를 수용하기 위해 우선순위의 협상상대국을 선정, 각 FTA 별구체적인 협상전략을 마련할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 과제는 지난 40년 이상 독자적인통상협상 경험이 없었던 영국정부에 있어 큰 부담이 될 것으로 보인다. 영국-EU 관계의 변화는 한.EU FTA가 이미 발효 중이라는 점, 다수의 한국기업들이 영국을 EU 진출을 위한 교두보로 활용해왔다는 점에서 한국의 대유럽 관계에 영향을 미칠 수밖에 없다. 한국으로서는 향후 전개될 한.EU FTA의 부분개정과 한-영FTA 체결을 위해 준비하고, 급격한 통상환경 변화에 대한 대응력을 높여야 할 필요가있다.
Abstract
The Brexit is a historical event which could completely change the landscape of the European integration. This paper assumes that the UK will seek for a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) with the EU and examines the trade policy of the UK after its exit from the EU at three levels: 1) UK-EU relation, 2) UK- Contracting Parties of EU's FTAs and 3) UK-Members of the WTO. During Brexit negotiation period, the UK government has to set up a new trade and economic relation with the EU and to negotiate the trade deals with the EU's trade partners of the FTAs in order to succeed in the FTAs at UK level. In addition, the UK will have to newly establish its commitment to the WTO for its tariffs, service and government procurement market. It is likely that the UK-EU negotiation would be a trade-off between UK's market access to the European Single Market and its strong preference to the sovereignty. The UK will try to obtain the market access to the EU as much as possible, while it will impose a limit to the current free movement of EU citizens to the UK labor market. In the negotiation with the third countries, the UK has to set up its commitment to the WTO and concrete negotiation plans to absorb EU's FTAs. These tasks will be considerable challenges to the UK government who doesn't have experiences of trade negotiation during more than 40 years of its membership to the EU. This change in UK-EU relations will affect Korea's relation with Europe,because Korea has implemented the FTA with the EU and Korean firms used to use the UK as a gateway to the EU market. From Korea's perspective, it will be necessary to prepare an expected negotiation for partially revising the Korea-EU FTA and Korea's future FTA with the UK.
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