EU 글로벌 전략과 한-EU관계
EU Global Strategy and Korea-EU Relations
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초록
2016년 유럽연합은 글로벌 전략을 발표하였다. 유럽의 안과 밖에서 다중적 위기가 현시되는 시점에서 그리고 브렉시트라는 전대미문의 새로운 환경에서 동 전략은 통합의 원심력을 제어하고 구심점을 마련하려는 기제의 하나로 수용되고 있다. 이 글에서는 2003년의 유럽안보전략과 글로벌 전략을 비교 검토함으로써 안보환경 변화의 흐름을 분석하고, 이어서 협력적 지역질서에 나타난 유럽연합과 동아시아 관계를 설명하였다. 글로벌 전략이 발표되고 일 년이 지난 시점에서 나온 중간보고서에서는 안보 및 방위 분야 협력에서 상당한 진전이 있었음을 밝히고 있는데, 트럼프 미정부의 방위비 분담 증대라는 압력에 대해 효과적으로 대응하고 있다는 인상을 주고 있다. 한-EU 관계적 측면에서 본 글로벌 전략의 의의는 양자가 정치, 경제 및 안보분야의 주요 협정을 모두 맺은 유일한 국가라는 차원에서 보아야 하며, 지역간 그리고 글로벌 차원의 협력에 초점을 두어야 함을 강조하였다. 신정부의 등장 이후 한반도와 동북아 지역의 안보상황에 대한 분석에서는 한중일에 더하여 아세안과 인도 및 호주를 아우르는 동북아+ 책임공동체안을 제시하면서 그 가능성을 탐색하였는데 유럽연합의 건설적 관여의 개념이 한반도의 평화구축과 신뢰형성에 일정 부분 기여할 수 있다는 조심스러운 결론을 내리고 있다.
Abstract
The EU Global Strategy (EUGS) was presented at a time when the EU was witnessing multiple crises such as financial crisis, migration/refugee crisis, Brexit and Russian provocation towards Eastern Partners of the EU. This paper tried to compare European Security Strategy (ESS) of 2003 with EUGS. In doing so, a number of points can be noteworthy. One of them is security environment. In 2003, Europe had never been so prosperous, so secure nor so free. While in 2016, peace and stability in Europe are no longer a given. Therefore principled pragmatism was adopted as a guiding light of the strategy. By this, the EU still cares about values and ideals, although under the specific context, these should be adapted to the proper environment with potential cooperation with partner countries of the EU. With catch phrase of ‘Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe’, the EU intended to secure the very safety of the European citizens. Then neighboring countries to the east and to the south are considered as a priority with concept of resilience. Besides, EUGS provided cooperative regional order with a view to claiming a global power, though soft and normative. In terms of East Asia, EUGS confirmed that with economic interdependence, there is highly demanding security concern in the region. As to Korea and the Korean Peninsula, EUGS facilitates cooperation with Republic of Korea under the strategic partnership and firmly condemns North Korean nuclear provocation. This paper concludes with some possible areas of cooperation between the EU and Korea, such as Northeast Asia+ Responsible Community Initiative under the Moon Administration. For middle power Korea, the EU could be an ideal partner not only in terms of regional and global cooperation, but also for the very security environment of the Korean Peninsula using EU’s new constructive engagement policy.
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