동아시아 내 EU-미국 간 안보협력의 발전방향
EU-US Security Cooperation in East Asia
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초록
지난 몇 년간 유럽과 미국 내에서 동아시아 지역에서의 EU와 미국 간 안보협력의 가능성에 대한 논의가 본격화되기 시작했다. EU는 지난 수십 년간 외교안보방위 분야에서의 전반적인 역량 결여와 강대국 간 힘의 관계에 의해 규정된 동아시아 국제체제의 속성으로 인해 이 지역 안보질서의 방관자 혹은 존재감이 거의 전무한 주변적인 안보행위자로 간주되어왔다. 이 글에서 저자는 미-중 세력균형의 대규모 조정, 동아시아 지역주의의 강화 그리고 외교안보방위 분야에서의 EU의 성장 등 일련의 변화가 이 지역에서의 EU의 안보역할 강화에 긍정적으로 작용하고 있다고 주장한다. 해적퇴치작전, 대량살상무기의 비확산, 사이버 안보, 대테러협력, 분쟁지역에서의 평화유지와 법치강화, 각종 재난에서의 인도적 구조 등 많은 영역에서 EU는 동아시아 안보에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 정도의 충분한 역량을 갖춘 것으로 평가된다. 특히 동아시아 내 지역협력과 통합을 지원함으로써 이 지역 국제질서의 안정적이며 평화로운 전환에 매우 중요한 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 간주된다. 이러한 시각에서 저자는 향후 EU-미국 간 바람직한 동아시아 질서에 대한 공감대가 형성되고, 양측이 갖고 있는 각종 안보역량과 잠재력이 효과적으로 결합될 경우, 북한의 급변사태를 비롯한 한반도와 동아시아에서의 각종 안보 불안요인을 해결하고 새로운 안보질서를 형성하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 전망한다.
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been increasingly more active discussions in Europe and the US about the possibility of an increased EU-US security cooperation in East Asia. The EU has long remained an outside observer or, at best, a very peripheral actor in East Asian security dynamics. It was due primarily to the EU’s low profile and lack of capacity in the field of foreign, security and defence policy and to the nature of East Asia’s regional system that has usually been predominated by such world-class powers as the US and the former Soviet Union. In this paper, the author articulates that the shifting balance of power between the US and China, surging East Asian regionalism and the growth of the EU’s foreign and security policy capacities will likely contribute to strengthening the EU’s security role in the region. He suggests such fields as counter-piracy, nuclear non-proliferation, counter-terrorism, peace-keeping and law enforcement in the disputed areas and humanitarian assistance as appropriate missions for the EU to carry out in the coming future. In addition, the EU will be able to play a more significant role in the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia in case of North Korea’s regime collapse, which is likely to generate enormous uncertainties and risks in the regional security environment. In view of the positive aspects of the EU’s active engagement in East Asian security, the US and other regional countries may have to consider developing closer cooperative relationships with the EU in the coming years.
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