정치 인구학을 통해 본 EU 인구 위기와 그 영향

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the demographic changes in the EU population and its responses from the perspective of Political Demography. Political demography is the study of the size, composition, and distribution of the population in relation to government and politics, based on the statistical study of traditional demography. Based on this, this study will examine the implications of the EU's demographic transition from a political demography perspective. We focus on the EU for the following reasons. First, the EU has been experiencing a declining birthrate and aging population over the past two decades and has been considering various policy efforts, recognizing that population issues can have a negative impact on economic development, the welfare state, and the sustainability of society. Second, the EU is not treating its efforts on population issues as a one-off, but rather as an ongoing concern that is being addressed through a variety of interactions with Member States. Finally, the EU does not approach population issues simply as a national or regional problem, but recognizes them as an EU problem and considers them at the international level as well. As a result, analyzing the EU's population problem from the perspective of political demography raises two issues. First, domestically, public spending cuts in areas such as education due to fiscal pressures triggered by the demographic challenge may fall unevenly across member states, creating obstacles to EU integration. Second, externally, the EU's position in terms of economic strength could be severely compromised. In the end, from a political demography perspective, the EU's demographic crisis will not be resolved without a dramatic reversal in the size or structure of the population, or at least a demographic momentum effect, which will require a proactive response at the EU level.