초고령사회 대비 EU의 ‘활동적 노화’(active ageing) 정책 패러다임
EU’s Policy Paradigm for Active Ageing towards Super-aged Society
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초록
유럽은 20세기 후반 이래 급격한 고령화에 따른 인구구조의 변화로 초고령사회 진입을눈 앞에 두고 있다. 고령화 현상은 유럽사회 전반에 다양한 파급효과를 미치고 있으며 그중에서도 특히 유럽의 고용 및 복지 정책에 중대한 도전을 제기하고 있다. 유럽은 고령사회의 위기를 극복하고 경제발전 및 사회보장제도의 지속가능성을 담보할 수 있는 해법으로 ‘활동적 노화(active ageing)’ 패러다임에 입각한 고령사회 정책을 추진하고 있다. 이글의 목적은 바로 EU의 활동적 노화 정책 패러다임의 채택 배경과 발달 과정 및 그 특징과 한계를 살펴보는 데 있다. 유럽의 활동적 노화 정책 패러다임은 지난10여 년 동안 진화하는 과정에서 초기의 경제활동 중심의 ‘생산적 모델’에서 노후 생활의 다양한 측면을포괄하는 ‘통합 모델’로 전환되어 가는 과정에 있다. 그러나 아직 통합 모델로의 완전한전환을 이룬 것은 아니며 정책의 기본 , 방향과 현실 간의 괴리가 존재한다. 유럽에서 통합적 관점의 활동적 노화 정책이 정착되기 위해서는 고령자들의 인식 개선, 고령자를 위한보다 다양한 사회참여 기회 확대 및 이해 당사자들 간의 지속적인 협력이 요구된다.
Abstract
Due to rapid aging of the population in late 20 th century, most of the EU member states are expected to reach super-aged society in near future. Aging of the population is having a broad impact in Europe. It is especially posing a great challenge to employment and welfare state policies. In response to the aging problem, Europe has adopted ‘active ageing’ policy frame, and this strategic paradigm has been perceived as a solution to overcome the crisis of demographic ageing, and secure the economic growth and sustainability of the European social security system. The purpose of this paper is to define and delineate the active ageing policy paradigm, and investigate its developmental process, achievements and limitations. The paradigm of active ageing has evolved from a employment focused ‘productive’ model to more ‘integrated model’ in recent year. Changes in the attitudes of older people about retirement, development of more opportunities for social participation of aged groups and continued cooperation of diverse stakeholder groups are said to be necessary for active ageing policy strategies to accomplish its goals. Europe is the world ’s oldest continent and is expected to enter the era of super-aged society for the first time in human history. As a first runner, the European experience will shed important implications for many other countries who will soon follow its footsteps.
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