중등 과학교사의 과학 평가 실태와 지향
Secondary School Science Teachers’ Actual and Preferred Types of Assessment
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초록
이 연구에서는 중등 과학교사들이 실시하는 과학 평가와 교사들이지향하는 평가의 사례를 목적과 방법의 측면에서 조사하였다. 연구대상은 중등 과학교사 92명으로, 학교에서 교사가 실시했던 평가 사례와 구성주의적 평가를 실시할 수 있는 전형적인 가상 상황에 대하여교사가 지향하는 평가 사례를 조사하기 위한 검사지를 개발하였다. 교사의 경력, 평가 관련 교육 경험의 유무, 구성주의적 과학 평가관수준 등 교사의 특성 변인도 조사하였다. 교사들이 실시하는 과학 평가사례를 분석한 결과, 대부분의 교사는 총괄평가와 같은 전통적인 목적의 평가를 실시하는 경향이 있었고, 선다형 평가와 실험, 보고서, 논술형 평가가 가장 많이 사용되는 평가 방법이었다. 전형적인 평가 상황에서 과학교사들은 다양한 유형의 구성주의적 평가 방법을 지향한 반면, 여전히 전통적 평가 목적에서는 벗어나지 못하였다. 이때, 구성주의적과학 평가관 수준이 높은 교사가 형성평가를 지향하는 비율은 구성주의적 과학 평가관 수준이 낮은 교사들에 비해 유의미하게 높았다.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated secondary school science teachers’ actual and preferred types of assessment with focus on the purpose and the method of assessment. Participants were 92 secondary school science teachers. We developed a questionnaire asking science teachers about the types of assessment they have actually used and the preferred types of assessment for hypothetical situations that have been generally reported as the prototypical examples of constructivist assessment. The characteristics of the science teachers such as teaching career, experience on in-service training about assessment, and perspective toward constructivist assessment were also examined. The analysis of the actually implemented assessments in their responses revealed that most science teachers tended to aim at traditional purposes such as summative assessment, and that multiple-choice was the most prevailing assessment method followed by experiment, report, and essay. For hypothetical assessment situations, science teachers exhibited their preferences for various types of constructivist assessment methods, whereas their purposes of the assessment still remained to be traditional. The science teachers who have had a relatively constructivist perspective toward assessment showed a statistically significant preference for using formative assessment than their counterparts in the hypothetical assessment situations.
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