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중국어 차용어 적응에 영향을 미치는 요소에 대한 논의

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주제분류중국어와문학

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本文討論了對於漢語借詞適用分析時需要考慮的相關因素。 語言學角度的分析中最基本的因素是語音或知覺上的因素和音系因素, 但只憑借這兩種要素無法正確地分析各種漢語借詞的形態。 因此本文對漢語借詞適應分析的討論沒有局限於語音音系因素的初步影響‚ 而是對於其它因素進行了進一步的研究。 對借詞形態產生間接影響的因素中, 第一是語義因素的影響。 漢語使用表意文字的漢字作爲書寫載體, 通過音譯輸入的借詞也常常會受到語義因素的影響。 這種語義因素主要是出現在爲了樹立好的形象而設計的商品名這類借詞中。 有時候由於追求語義上的效果, 忠實於源語言的形式會最終對應成不太忠實的形態。 因此假如不考慮語義因素的作用, 這些漢語借詞都只能看成例外。 第二是拼寫法對於借詞適應所產生的影響。 拼寫有助於得出忠實於源語言音系的轉寫, 因此近於音系因素, 但有時由於拼寫和源語言發音無關的因素反而出現在借詞的形式裏, 所以應該和音系因素分開討論。 如果說語音因素和拼寫的影響是和漢語借詞的最終形態直接相關的因素, 那麼其外需要考慮的因素是, 對於該借詞初次輸入的方言和源語言的語源的考慮, 最後借詞輸入當時中國國內雙語使用的程度‚ 這些因素對於借詞的中間過程都會產生影響。 對於這些因素的考慮帶來了對於借詞形態進行的各種分析的合理性, 減少了例外, 有助於得到更加普遍一貫的借詞借用分析, 因而具有一定意義。 今後我們會在充分數量數據的基礎上, 以本文討論的因素在借詞借用中產生的影響爲中心, 對於漢語借詞借用給出正確的分析。

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