중국의 외국어 수용과 중국화에 대한 논의 ― 차용어 적응 방식에 대한 고찰을 중심으로

Abstract

This study is about the adoption and sinicization of foreign words in China. It focuses on the types of Mandarin loanwords. Some Mandarin loanwords were temporarily produced, but they disappeared some time later, because those words had not been used frequently by Mandarin speakers in their daily life. Many loanwords belonging to this situation are usually pure phonetic loans(PPL), since they do not fit the nature of Chinese characters. Chinese character is ideograph, in which meaning is the most important element, but PPL simply ignored the meaning of Chinese characters. On the other hand, some types of Mandarin loanwords have been used well in Chinese people’s daily life for the long time. They usually fit the nature of Chinese characters. The first example is one kind of phonetic loans, which is called yinyijianyi(音意兼译). They consider both the pronunciation of the source language and the meaning of the Chinese characters. The next example is the types of translating the meaning of the loanword. This kind of loanword can be classified into two types, namely semantic loan and loan translation. The formal translates the concept or things of source language, and the latter translates the morphemes which consist of the source language word. Both types consider the meaning in priority. The last example is graphic loan, which only borrows the characters of source language. They are usually borrowed from Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese. Mandarin speakers pronounce those loanwords as Mandarin pronunciation of the characters, and change the shape of characters as Chinese style. Thus, this kind of loanword is very familiar to Mandarin speakers, and survives well after borrowed into China.