現代漢語體標記“著”分佈的句法語義制約機制
Syntactic and Semantic Constraints on the Use of the Aspect Marker -zhe in Modern Chinese
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초록
本文探討了現代漢語體標記“著”的分佈及其句法語義制約機制。研究指出，“著”作為非完整體標記，其使用受到動態性、持續性和終結性特征的影響，更傾向於出現在同時滿足[+動態][+持續][-終結]特征的結構中，因此其與活動動詞等的搭配比較自然。通過類型轉換機制，同一性狀態詞、單動動詞、達成動詞及完結動詞詞組等在特定語境下也可與“著”共現。此外，“著”的獨立完句能力較弱，通常需搭配時間副詞、頻率副詞、語氣詞“呢”、後續成分、並列成分等附加成分協同完句。本文研究結合情狀類型理論，揭示了“著”分佈的複雜性和“著”的句法語義互動規律，為漢語體貌系統研究提供了新視角。
Abstract
This study investigates the syntactic and semantic constraints on the distribution of the aspect marker zhe, a commonly used imperfective aspect marker in modern Chinese. Corpus analysis confirms that -zhe appears predominantly in contexts characterized by [+dynamicity], [+duration], and [–telicity], such as activity verbs, limiting its compatibility with individual-level state verbs, semelfactive verbs, accomplishment verbs, and achievement verbs. However, such verbs may co-occur with -zhe when additional elements—such as temporal adverbs, frequency adverbs, the sentence final particle =ne, or subsequent clauses—are present to supply the required aspectual features or support clause finiteness. The study integrates situation type theory to offer a clearer understanding of the syntactic-semantic constraints related to the use of -zhe.