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부모참여 신체활동 프로그램이 ADHD 아동의 인지, 정서, 행동에 미치는 영향

Effects of a physical activity program with parental participation on cognition, emotion, and behavior in children with ADHD

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초록

이 연구는 부모참여 신체활동 프로그램이 주의력결핍과잉행동장애 아동의 인지(주의집중력, 실행기능), 정서(불안, 우울), 행동(사회적기술, 신체활동 수준)을 개선하는데 효과적인지를 알아보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 ADHD 판정을 받고 3개월이 지난 초등학교 1~6학년 아동(26명)과 어머니(26명) 총 52명을 연구 참여자로 모집하였고, 각각 부모참여 신체활동 그룹과 또래참여 신체활동 그룹으로 13명씩 무작위배치 하였다. 신체활동 프로그램(조작성 운동, 유산소 운동)을 12주 동안 주 1회 90분씩(30분, 60분) 실시하였고, 2×2 반복측정 이원배치분산분석을 통해 자료를 분석하였다. 그에 따른 연구 결과는 첫째, 인지기능의 경우 선택적 주의력, 자기 통제력, 지속적 주의력 모두 시간에 따른 주효과가 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였고(p<.001), 자기 통제력에서 시간과 그룹에 따른 상호작용 효과가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며(p<.001), 실행기능은 단어, 색상, 색상단어 점수에서 시간에 따른 주효과가 통계적으로 유의미하게 개선되었다(p<.001). 둘째, 정서의 불안과 우울은 시간(p<.001)에 따라 유의미하게 감소하였고 상호작용 효과에서 유의미한 수준을 나타냈다(p=.019, p=.049). 셋째, 행동의 사회적 기술은 시간에 따라 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였고(p<0.001), 신체활동 수준은 저․중․고강도의 경우 시간(p<.001), 그룹(p=.002), 상호작용 효과 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였다(p=.012). 중․고강도 신체활동 수준 역시 시간(p<.001), 그룹(p=.022)에 따른 유의미한 증가를 보였다. 결론적으로 부모참여 신체활동 프로그램은 ADHD 아동의 주의집중력, 불안, 우울, 신체활동 수준을 개선하는데 효과적인 중재 프로그램임을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study was conducted to find out how parental participation physical activity programs(manipulative exercise, aerobic exercise) for children with ADHD for 12 weeks affect changes in cognition, emotion, and behavior of ADHD children, and the conclusions were drawn as follows. First, It was concluded that the parent-participation physical activity program is effective in positively improving the attention concentration but It’s not for executive function of children with ADHD. Second, It was concluded that the parental participation physical activity program is effective in positively improving anxiety and depression of children with ADHD. Third, It was concluded that it is not effective in positively improving the social skills, but parental participation physical activity program was concluded that it was effective in promoting the level of light moderate-to-vigorous intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level of children with ADHD. Therefore, It was concluded that the parental participation physical activity program is effective in positively improving the perception, emotion, and behavior of children with ADHD.

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