경제위기 이후 미국의 공공부문과 노사관계 변화
Changes in the Public Sector and its Labor Relations after the Economic Crisis in the U.S.
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초록
미국사회에서는 공공부문의 단체교섭권 문제가 커다란 사회적 쟁점이 되어 있다. 공공부문이 현재 미국의 노동조합운동을 이끌고 있는 현실에서 공공부문의 단체교섭권 제한은 미국 노사관계의 힘의 균형을 결정적으로 변화시킬 것이다. 이 논문에서는 금융위기와 대불황(Great Recession)을 맞아 주 정부와 지방정부의 재정적자가 누적되는 것을 계기로 진행되는 공공부문 노동조합 활동과 단체교섭권에 대한 제약을 둘러싼 노사대립 상황과 그 쟁점에 대해 살펴보았다. 특히 위스콘신 주에서 시도된 공공부문 노동조합의 단체교섭권 박탈과 이를 둘러싼 노사대립을 다루고 이러한 법안에 대한 주민투표를 시행하는 오하이오의 사례도 소개하며 공공부문 노사관계가 변화가 미국 사회의 정치적, 경제적 민주주의의 위축을 의미할 수 있음을 지적했다.
Abstract
Currently there are disputes regarding legislation to eliminate the right to collective bargain or strike among public employees, and to change the present system of wage determination in several states including Wisconsin, Ohio, etc. The growing budget deficit and government debt in the aftermath of the Great Recession has been shifting public sentiment to limit the right of public workers. The changes in the public sector may influence deeply not only industrial relations in general, but also of American society in terms of the distribution of income and social welfare. This paper, first of all, explores the brief history of public sector relations, and then examines arguments regarding the issue of collective bargaining. I introduce examples such as the ‘Wisconsin Protest’ and the ‘Ohio Referendum,’ and suggest the win-win solutions that focus on cooperation to innovate the labor relations within the public sector. As a conclusion, I reflect the basic role of labor unions not for the workers, but for the society as a whole.
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