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공무원노조의 미래: 미국 공무원노조의 역사적 발전과정을 통해 미리보기

Foreseeing the Future of Public Sector Unionism in Korea: Based upon a Lesson Learned from the U.S. Historical Experience

하재룡
한국행정사학회 (Association For Korean Public Administration History)|2009.06|한국행정사학지 (Journal of Association for Korean Public Administration History)|제24호|pp. 1-36|DOI 10.15856/jakpah.2009..24.1

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공무원노사관계공무원노조미국공공부문 노사관계public sector unionismpublic sector labor-management relationsU.S. public sector labor-management relations

초록

1960년대 초반부터 미국의 노동운동 역사는 민간과 공공부문 간에 상반되는 방향으로 전개되어왔다. 민간노동운동은 1950년대 중반 이후 줄곧 쇠퇴의 길을 걸어 현재 역사상 가장 낮은 조직률을 갖게 된 반면에, 공공부문 노동운동은 1960년대 초부터 1970년대 중반까지 크게 성장하였으며 이후에도 비교적 높은 조직률 수준을 안정적으로 유지해오고 있다. 우리나라에서도 최근 들어 이와 유사한 현상이 발생하고 있다. 1987년 6.29 민주화선언 이후 급속히 성장하여 1989년 18.6%를 기록했던 노조조직률은 2008년 현재 10%를 겨우 넘는 실정이다. 반면에 2006년 초에 합법화된 공무원노동조합은 불과 2년만인 2008년 1월 현재 노조조직률이 65.4%에 달한다. 따라서 공무원노조의 활성화가 침체일로에 있는 우리나라 노동운동에 활력을 불어넣는 호재가 될 수 있을 것으로 노동계는 기대하고 있다. 본 연구는 ‘과연 우리나라 공무원노조가 미래에도 현재와 같은 높은 조직률을 유지하고, 나아가 지속적으로 성장할 것인가?’하는 의문에 대답을 모색하기 위해 시도되었다. 이 의문에 대답을 찾기 위해 먼저 노동조합운동의 쇠퇴원인을 분석한 기존 학자들의 연구와 공공부문 노조와 민간부문 노조의 어떤 차이가 상반된 역사적 전개를 가져왔는지에 관한 이론적 논의를 정리하였다. 다음으로 미국 공무원노조의 역사적 발전과정 사례를 검토하였으며 이를 토대로 우리나라 공무원 노조의 미래를 예측해 보았다.

Abstract

In the United States. since the early 1960s when President Kennedy issued Executive Order 10988 allowing the federal government employees to organize their unions and to collectively bargain with their employers, unions in the public sector have been expanding their membership density while those in the private sector contracting rapidly. Therefore, at present, private sector union density reaches at the lowest level; on the other hand, the density of public sector unionism is five times higher than the counterpart's. Labor union movement in Korea also experiences a trend very analogous to the U.S. Since 1987 when 6.29 democratizing declaration was made, private sector unionism had been developed very rapidly and reached at the highest density level, 18.6% in 1989. However, since then, contraction started and now it's density reached at the lowest level, about 10%. On the other hand, public sector unionism that was legitimated as late as in 2006 grew at incredible speed, and in 2006 reaches at 65.4% of density level. this study was begun with the question, "Will Korean public sector unionism continually grow and keep the high density level in future too?" To find the answer to the question, this study reviews the literatures about the factors which contributed to the contraction of private sector unionism since the 1960s; and investigates what factors of public sector unions contributed to keep them growing while the counterpart failed to survive; and outlines the U.S. history of labor union movement; and finally tries to predict the future of Korean public sector unionism on the basis of informations obtained through the research.

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