노동소득분배율과 경제성장: 한국경제의 웨이블릿 분석
Labor Income Share and Economic Growth: A Wavelet Analysis of the Korean Economy
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초록
기능적 분배몫의 변화가 경제성장에 미치는 효과를 실증하는 논의들이 받는 비판중 하나는 분석의 시계를 간과하거나 혼동하고 있다는 점이다. 그래서 우리는 시간과 주기 영역을 동시에 관찰할 수 있는 웨이블릿 기법을 적용하여 한국경제의 노동소득분배율과 경제성장의 관계를 검토하였다. 1981년부터 2018년까지의 분기별 노동소득분배율과 경제성장률 시계열을 각 주기별로 웨이블릿 분해하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단기 및 경기변동 주기에서 노동분배율의 상승은 경제성장에 부정적이지만 장기에서는 반대로 양의 효과를 보여 준다. 둘째, 주기에따라 이처럼 분배와 경제성장의 관계가 바뀌는 이유는 노동분배율이 GDP 구성 요소들에 미치는 효과의 시계들이 상이하기 때문이다. 셋째, 그러나 웨이블릿을 적용하여 서구의 분배-성장 체제를 식별한 선행 연구들과 달리 한국경제는 16년 이상 주기에서는 ‘장기 Goodwin 사이클‘과 ’장기 Kalecki 사이클‘이 외환위기 이후서로 교대하는 양상을 보였다. 이는 분배율의 변화가 비단 단기나 경기변동 주기로국한되지 않는 장기 경제성장을 설명하는 중요한 변수임을 의미함과 동시에, 한국경제의 분배-성장 체제가 현재 단기 이윤주도-장기 임금주도형에 가깝더라도 이체제가 장기적으로 그리고 내생적으로 바뀔 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
There is a growing empirical ‘distribution-growth regime’ literature, but the controversy on the estimation methods reveals the pitfalls of overlooking the time horizon. Instead, we adopt wavelet analysis, though a still under- utilized technique in economics, with which it is possible to decompose time series into a combination of different frequencies. Using Korea quarterly data between 1981 and 2014, this paper examines the time-varying relationship between labor income share and economic growth. The main findings are as follows: First, the impacts of labor share on growth change signs across frequencies from negative in the short and business-cycle run to positive in the long run. Second, this pattern results from the varying time paths of effects on the individual GDP expenditure components. Third, in the longer term of over 16 years, however, we find the alternation of the ‘long-run Goodwin cycle’ and ‘long-run Kalecki cycle’. These results imply that distributive income share is and should be a momentous factor for explaining economic growth in the long run. In such a context, the incumbent ‘profit-led in the short term and wage-led in the long run’ growth regime in Korea is not everlasting but the different type of growth regime can emerge endogenously.
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