渤海 鹽州城의 최근 발굴성과와 분석

Abstract

As mentioned above, the paper sorted out the results of excavation by dividing the performance of the excavation site by time. It is noteworthy that excavating an assumed location of inner castle brought a turning point for our excavation project. The excavation of Kraskino Castle which has been continued since 1993 will serve as an important stepping-stone to the establishment of historical and archaeological status of the Balhae Kindgom and overall archeology. Specifically, during the early stage of the excavation, this fortress was estimated to be built between eight and ten centuries. However, the excavation after 2007 can act as a guidance for a future excavation, as early occupation layers of the Balhae Kingdom, layers and foundation stone of relics from Koguryo era brought the changeover of the excavation on Kraskino Castle. The excavation on Kraskino Castle from 2011 set a new cornerstone for investigation on the Balhae Kingdom’s relics in that the excavation discovered the substructure of the division of city, the site of large buildings which would be used as government offices or storage facilities and the site of stone-based building. Geophysical research and reflection should not be overlooked during this turning point. There is something inexplicable in this conversion, which is geophysical research and reflection. The epochal achievement of the excavation was achieved through the binary approach; advancement of excavation and expansion of excavation. The accomplishment of the advanced excavation can be credited to the excavation’s verification process on recognizing strata and distribution of relics using geophysical methods of measurement. The measurement has been analyzed by Russian scholar Bessonova E.A within the Kraskino Castle. Through this measurement, the shape of Kraskino Castle’s inner castle can be postulated as oval shape, which follows the shape of the inner castle that is located in the northeast part of the Kraskino Castle. Morevoer, Bessonova assumed that the castle was built in the era of the Koguryo Kingdom. As everyone knows, the road site, which was investigated between 2011 and 2015, was the accomplishment which verifies this measurement of excavation. Although no traces of excavation results have yet to be found, the Kraskino Castle’s excavation results have been concentrated in the excavation during 2015. The most outstanding aspect was that the discovery of the Balhae soil strata of all periods of the Balhae Kingdom for the first time in the Balhae Kindgdom’s excavation history enabled us to verify the archeological history of the Kraskino Castle and the Balhae culture’s succession of Koguryo. In particular, the analysis result of the 20 pieces of charcoal collected through the soil strata can be acted as a ground to date the periods of using the Kraskino Castle from Koguryo era. use of the Kraskino site era to establish the basis of the period of the Koguryo Kingdom. Also, this will be functioned as an important data while conducting a management research on the East Sea coast and Primorskii region during the era of Koguryo. Next, the bronze statue of camel and bones of camels which were excavated for the first time can be used as a proof of the interaction and relationship between the Balhae Kingdom and the Western region through the Kraskino Castle. In addition, it can be noticed that the government installed a joint (communal) storage facility and shared a space for the joint storage facility. Also, a piece of flat bottle verifies that Balhae and Silla engaged in maritime interaction through Kraskino castle. Furthermore, through the identification of the east-west intersection road which was connected to the east and west roads, the Kraskino Castle was a city capital that has city blocks such as Sang-gyung Castle(上京城). Lastly, due to the result of the expanded excavation, an excavation of the Kraskino Castle’s government office sites can be started. Afterwards, the direction of the excavation of the Kraskino Castle can be concentrated in the northern core region with the verification of the inner castle of the Kraskino castle.