팔련성의 구성요소와 기와생산체계

Abstract

Fortress Palryeon is estimated to have been built around 740 given its structural similarity to Fortress Seogo. Its abolition is estimated to have happened around 928 based on the five letters “維次甘露元” inscribed on a roof tile excavated in the sedimentary layer of stylobate at the Building Site No. 1 of Fortress Palryeon. There were inner and outer parts in Fortress Palryeon in a dual structure. There is a huge building site in the northsouth direction at the northern center of the inner part. The one in south is Building Site No.1, and the one in north is Building Site No. 2. While the former is estimated as a Jeonjodaejeon, the latter is estimated as a Chimjeon. The records tell that Fortress Palryeon served as a capital for less than ten years, which suggests that only the capital city was constructed with tombs and living spaces connected to it directly or indirectly built insufficiently during the period of ten years. The roof tiles of Balhae are categorized into plain roof tiles, roof-end tiles, Maru roof tiles, and lettered roof tiles according to the places where they were put in the building structure. They are also divided into common and special roof tiles according to uses. Many different types of roof tiles were found in Fortress Palryeon including roof-end tiles, convex and concave roofing tiles, bricks with a flower pattern, green-glazed roof tiles, and lettered roof tiles. The palace site produced green-glazed roof tiles. In Balhae relics, green-glazed roof tiles were commonly found in a capital city and represent the grade of buildings along with Chaedo roof tiles. Plain roof tiles and roof-end tiles were excavated in the sites of Buddhist temples around Fortress Palryeon, and green-glazed roof tiles found in the palace sites of Fortresses Sanggyeong, Seogo and Palryeon were excavated in the sites of new and Yangmokrim Buddhist temples. Lettered roof tiles sealed in concave roof tile parts were excavated in the site of Oil Buddhist Temple. A governing place of province and prefecture was set up in most of strongholds around Fortress Palryeon where roof tiles were excavated. Convex and concave roof tiles were excavated in the building sites near Fortress Palryeon, of which the sites of Milgangseogangja and Bukdae are estimated as the posts of Japanese tracks. No roof tiles were excavated in the tomb sites near Fortress Palryeon, which is because there was no time for the royal families and noblemen to build a tomb as the duration of Dongyeong as a capital city was relatively short. In Fortress Palryeon, the kilns of Yukdopo, Solmanja and Shinheungdong close to Donggyeong seem to have transport their roof tiles via the water system of Duman River. The kilns of Kraskino Site were devoted to the temple as they accommodated its demand. The presence of factories that participated in the projects of government workshops was estimated based on lettered roof tiles, and the production years of roof tiles were estimated with Kanji. There were professional technician groups related to roof tile production with simple labor force mobilized via Suryeong. Kiln sites related to the capital city have been found only near Sanggyeongseong and Donggyeongseong, which suggests that kilns were built in the Sanggyeong and JunggyeongㆍDonggyeong areas and manufactured and distributed roof tiles needed in buildings.