고구려 평양 장안성 중성ㆍ내성의 성격과 축조의 배경

Abstract

The Pyongyang Jangan Castle is a castle town in the late Goguryeo era. It consists of four areas, including the north castle, inner castle, middle castle and outer castle. Of them, the inner castle was constructed first. According to the fourth stone of the inscription stones excavated in Pyongyang castle, the inner castle of Jangan Castle was constructed in 566. It is confirmed that the middle castle and outer castle of Jangan Castle were constructed in 589 according to the information on the first, second and third Stones. There is a time gap of 23 years with the inner castle built earlier. The preceding studies had a strong tendency of the construction of the entire Jangan Castle as a product of a single project. And yet, considering the time gap during the period of construction, it is reasonable to judge that the inner castle, middle castle and outer castle of Jangan Castle were built by separate projects. This can also be assumed through the fact that no grid-type city division in the checkerboard form is found in the inner castle while it is found in the middle castle and outer castle. Based on the fact that the grid-type section ranges over the middle castle and outer castle, there was also an opinion that the southern ramparts of the middle castle that separates the middle castle and outer castle was Goryeo period, instead of the Goguryeo era. And yet, there is a difference in angle of about 5° between the grid-type section of the middle castle located north of the southern ramparts and the grid-type section of the outer castle located south. This is evidence that the southern ramparts of the middle castle were constructed prior to the construction of the grid-type city division. Thus, it is judged that the southern ramparts of the middle castle already existed since the Goguryeo era. It is assumed that the inner castle of the Jangan Castle constructed in 566 has a character of a detached Palace. It is judged that there was an intention to renew the atmosphere by building a new Royal Palace in a place that could replace the Royal Palace of which the dignity had greatly been damaged due to the political upheaval in the previous generation. On the other hand, the middle castle and outer castle constructed in addition to the inner castle built previously in 589 has a strong character of military defense against foreign invasions. This is related to the Sui Dynasty unified China, destroying the Qin Dynasty in the south in 589. The Sui Dynasty constructed Daehung Castle built in a grid-type section in its capital Jangan, and it is judged that it strongly impressed the Goguryeo Envoys who visited the Daehung Castle. Thus, Goguryeo got ready for the invasion of the Sui Dynasty by building the middle castle and outer castle in the terrain surrounded by the Taedong River and Potong River, created a new city in the grid-type inside the city wall and came to plan a policy for moving the existing Pyongyang people who had resided south of the Taesong Mountain Fortress in force. Accordingly, people recognized it as the transfer of a capital though it was a close movement within the same Pyongyang Sphere.