평양성의 구조와 내ㆍ외부 시설의 고지형적 접근

Abstract

Janganseong, the capital city of the late Goguryeo, has been used as a four-fortress system comprising a north, inner, central, and outer fortress from the Ido of the Pyeongwon Dynasty to the Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, there have been limitations in examining the appearance of the castle at the time it was first built, as the castle has been reinforced, contracted, and used in various ways through the ages. Therefore, understanding the original topography of Pyongyang Castle will be helpful in approaching the appearance of the fortification in the Goguryeo period. Pyongyang Castle examined in such a process can be seen using the topography as much as possible without deforming the topography like other three kingdoms capitals. In particular, after thoroughly examining all parts of mountainous areas (including hilly terrain) and alluvial landform, it is possible to see how appropriate spatial utilization proceeded. North and inner fortresses used mountainous and hilly terrain; the central fortress used hilly terrain and alluvial terraces, and the outer fortress used alluvial terraces to build the fortress walls and utilize the internal space. In particular, it is clear that the outer fortress uses the natural topography as much as possible and the standard topography is Guhado, which runs through the inside of the castle from east to west. This Guhado is confirmed inside and outside the fortress; inside the outer fortress it was used as a canal facility, and it served as a topography for the horizontal division of the inner city center, and functioned as a moat facility from the outside. The appearance of the structure of the castle using this original topography is also seen in other facilities. In the alluvial terrain outside the outer fortress, a river road was built in the form of a moat, and in the mountainous area, an outer moat was installed in the form of a sphere to build defense facilities. For the castle gate, a topography that is easy to enter and exit was selected, and a place with a river road and flat land or a place where water flowed out and drained inside the castle was selected. As a place where water is drained, a wide range of wetland terrain is also observed near Geopimun. You can see the potential of ponds that have existed before. From the outside of the castle, facilities that seem to have the characteristics of a satellite are confirmed. The traces of Cheongamri Fortress in the north, Nakrang Fortress in the south, Jeokdu Castle in the west, and Hwang Castle in the east are constructed using each topography; thus, you can see the data that can review the traces of the fortress system. As such, through paleontology analysis, the appearance of the inner and outer pristine topography of Pyongyang Castle, as well as the installation and construction of facilities using it, were examined. In general, it can be seen that the fine topography that appears in the mountainous and alluvial topography is used appropriately.