팀 스포츠교육을 통해 인지된 내적동기 및 기대가치
Investigation of Perceived Motivation through Intrinsic Motivation and Expectancy-Value of Middle School Students regarding Team Sports
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본 연구는 연령, 성별, 인종이 다른 미국 중학생들의 팀 스포츠에 대한 내적동기와 기대-가치를 조사하고 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 미국 남서부에 위치한 3개의 중학교에 재학중인 학생들을 모집하였다. 총 252명(여학생 135명, 남학생 117명)의 다인종 학생들이 참여하였다. 참여한 학생들은 3가지의 팀 스포츠 중 하나의 팀 스포츠를 3주간 교육받았다. 3주간의 팀 스포츠 교육이 끝난 후 내적동기와 기대-가치를 측정하는 설문지를 작성하도록 요청받았다. 내적동기수준을 측정하기 위해 Intrinsic Motivation Inventory(IMI)(McAuley, Duncan, & Tammen, 1989)와 기대-가치를 측정하기 위해 Expectancy-Value Questionnaire(Eccles & Wigfield, 1995)가 사용되었다. 자료는 일원변량분석(ANOVA)를 사용하여 분석하였으며 F검증에 유의한 차이가 있을 경우 사후검정분석을 실시하였다. 팀 스포츠를 대하는 중학생들의 내적동기와 기대-가치를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다; 1)저학년에서 고학년으로 올라 갈수록 팀 스포츠에 대한 내적동기(Intrinsic motivation)가 감소 하였다. 2)남학생들은 여학생에 비해 팀 스포츠에 더욱 큰 흥미를 가지며 팀 스포츠 참여에 더욱 노력을 한다고 인지하였다. 3)저학년에서 고학년으로 올라갈수록 팀 스포츠에 대한 주관적 과제가치(Subjective Task Value)는 낮게 평가되었다. 4)남학생들은 여학생들에 비해 팀 스포츠에 대한 자신의 능력과 성공기대를 높게 평가하였다. 연령, 나이와 상관없이 모든 학생들의 체육 수업참여를 증진시키기 위해 체육교사는 학생들의 특성을 이해하고 그들의 다양한 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 다양한 교육내용과 교수방법을 고민하고 활용할 필요성이 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school students’ intrinsic motivation and expectancy-value towards team sports. For this study, students attending three different middle schools which are located in Southern-Western region of United States were recruited. Total of 252 middle school students with different age, race, and gender participated in this current study. They engaged in a team sport for three weeks. After three weeks, they were asked to complete a survey measuring intrinsic motivation and expectancy-value with respect to team sport. ANOVA was used to analyze the collected data, and post-hoc test were performed when significance was found. This study found followings: 1)Students’ intrinsic motivation about team sports were decreased as they moved from 6 grade to 8 grade. 2)Male students’ interest and efforts to participate in team sports were higher than that of females. 3)Perceived importance of team sports were decreased as they get older. 4)male students’ beliefs about their ability to perform a team sport and their expectation for success were higher than female students. The results of this study indicates that physical education teachers should understand the diverse characteristics of students and use a variety of activities and instructional strategies to meet the diverse needs of students.
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