韩汉语预期性副词“도대체”与“到底”的对比探析

Abstract

There are various grammatical means of expressing counter-expectation categories in Korean and Chinese, adverbs are one of the important means of counter-expectation expression, and adverbs with counter- expectation properties often have more prominent commentary attributes. This paper mainly makes a comparative analysis of the counter- expectation adverbs ‘Dodaeche’ and ‘Dàodǐ’ with similar semantics, focusing on the distribution of the two expressions and the characteristics of expectations. All of these expressions can be used in declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences, and the two kinds of expressions both present the semantic continuum of ‘general doubt-slight anger-stronger criticism and accusation’ in interrogative expressions; The greater the degree, the stronger the negative emotional attitude expressed by the speaker. Second, in terms of differences, in declarative sentences, Korean ‘Dodaeche’ does not have a relatively fixed construction to represent the relieved counter-expectation semantics, while Chinese ‘Dàodǐ’ expresses counter-expectation semantics is more prominent and has a relatively fixed expression form; in interrogative sentences, Korean ‘Dodaeche’ represents a general question with a strong objective attribute, and the objective attribute of Chinese ‘Dàodǐ’ is relatively weak, and the distribution is relatively small; and in the question expression with blame and slight anger, the distribution of Chinese ‘Dàodǐ’ is more prominent than that of Korean ‘Dodaeche’; in exclamatory sentences, Korean ‘Dodaeche’ often appears in the form of ‘Dodaeche+olma……?’, while Chinese ‘Dàodǐ’ mostly appears with ‘!’ in it. Third, the motivations for the above similarities and differences between Korean and Chinese, we preliminarily believe that they are closely related to their respective semantic associations and mechanisms, subjectivity levels, ‘question-deny-couter-expectaiton’ conversion, and the complementary mechanism of language economy.