汉韩反诘语气副词“难道”与“설마”的对比研究

Abstract

The rhetorical mood adverbs '难道' and '설마' are typical rhetorical mood adverbs in Chinese and Korean. The rhetorical mood as the 'intermediate bridge' between affirmation and negation has attracted widespread attention from Chinese and Korean scholars. From the perspective of comparing the Chinese and Korean languages, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of the Chinese-Korean rhetorical adverbs '难道' and '설마'. The preliminary conclusions can be drawn as follows: In terms of syntax, Chinese '难道' is used in interrogative sentences. Compared with Korean '설마', there are fewer syntactic types, and interrogative words can be hidden. Korean '설마' can be used in both interrogative and declarative sentences. '설마' has many syntactic types, and in interrogative sentences, there must be a final word ending that expresses a question. In terms of semantics, in addition to the multi-functional semantics such as 'doubt' and 'guess' in Chinese, '설마' may or may not have any effect on the proposition of the sentence. It only plays the role of strengthening the rhetorical tone. It is mainly realized in the form of '难道'+(interrogative particle)+interrogative sentence', '难道' has a large semantic load, and the Korean '설마' basically does not affect the sentence proposition. In the sentence, it is realized in the form of '설마+final ending expressions of question+interrogative sentence', and its semantic load is relatively weakened. In terms of pragmatics, in terms of expression function, '难道' can play both focus and non-focus functions, while '설마' mainly plays the non-focus function; in terms of conviction/suspicion functions, both belong to 3/4 conviction and 1/4 suspicion type, and '설마' has a relatively strong tendency to convey suspicion. Regarding expectation function, both have counter-expectation functions and are closely related to the conviction/suspicion functions.