漢韓英事實性反預期標記“其實”、“사실”、“actually”的對比研究
A Comparative Study of Chinese and Korean and English Factual Counter-Expectation Markers ‘Qishi, Sasil, Actually’
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초록
汉韩英三种语言皆通过不同预期标记来表示正/反预期语义，其中事实性反预期标记是表达反预期的重要手段之一，与其他预期类型标记不同的是，事实性反预期标记在一定程度上肯定前一事实的同时，借助后面的内容对前述内容进行修正或补充，带有较强的反预期属性。汉韩英三种语言较典型的事实性反预期标记为“其实、사실、actually”，三者在具体用法上有诸多相似之处，但在传统的三个语言平面上也存在着诸多不对称现象，借助相关语料，我们主要对三者在句法、语义、语用方面的功能进行对比研究，初步可得出如下小结：句法方面，首先在句法位置上，英语“actually”较汉语“其实”和韩语“사실”更灵活，其次在句型上，韩语“사실”后接的否定表达高于英语“actually”和汉语“其实”；预期语义方面，汉语“其实”表他反预期的类型明显高于韩语“사실”和英语“actually”，韩英相关表达表自反预期类型高于汉语“其实”；语用方面，汉语“其实”表修正、更正的语用类型要明显高于韩语“사실”和英语“actually”，反之，韩语“사실”和英语“actually”表补充的语用类型高于汉语“其实”。本文通过初步对比以期在了解不同语法特征的基础上对二语习得甚至是三语习得提供些许参考。
Abstract
In this paper, we mainly conduct a comparative study of Chinese, Korean and English factual counter-expectation ‘Qishi, sasil, actually’ in terms of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In terms of syntax, first of all, in terms of syntactic position, English ‘actually’ is more flexible than Chinese ‘Qishi’ and Korean ‘sasil’. Secondly, in terms of sentence structure, the negative expression followed by Korean ‘sasil’ is more than Chinese ‘Qishi’ and English ‘actually’. In terms of counter-expectation semantics, Chinese ‘Qishi’ indicates that the types of ‘counter-expectation for others’ are significantly more than English ‘actually’ and Korean ‘sasil’, and English ‘actually’ and Korean ‘sasil’ indicate the type of reflexive counter-expectation is more than Chinese ‘Qishi’. In terms of pragmatics, Chinese ‘Qishi’ indicates the correction types are significantly more than those of English and Korean expressions.
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